Theta divisors and differential forms (Q848827)
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English | Theta divisors and differential forms |
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Theta divisors and differential forms (English)
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23 February 2010
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The author studies the geometric and arithmetic properties of the theta divisor \(\Theta\) associated to the vector bundle of locally exact differential forms of a smooth, projective, connected curve \(X\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(p>0\). Let \(X_1\) be the inverse image of \(X\) with respect to the Frobenius automorphism of \(k\), \(J_1\) the Jacobian of \(X_1\), \(B\) the sheaf defined by the exact sequence \(0 \to \mathcal{O}_{X_1} \to F_*\mathcal{O}_X \to B \to 0\), where \(F : X \to X_1\) is the relative Frobenius homomorphism. The determinant of the complex \(Rf_*(B \otimes \mathcal{P})\), where \(f : X_1 \times J_1 \to J_1\) is the projection, is called the divisor \(\Theta\). Section 1 of this long and important paper contains the definitions and the proofs of the basic properties of the divisor \(\Theta\). In particular, if \(X/S\) is a smooth curve, \(B\) is endowed with an alternating pairing with values in \(\Omega^1_{X/S}\), \(B\) is self-dual with respect to Serre's duality, and \(\Theta\) is totally symmetric in Mumford's sense. Using the Fourier-Mukai transformation, some relationships between \(B\) and \(R^1f_*(B \otimes P)\) are clarified in order to prove important properties of \(\Theta\) for generic curves. Among other things, it is proven that \(\Theta\) possesses the Dirac property, and a new and more direct proof of \textit{K. Joshi}'s result [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 338, No. 11, 869--872 (2004; Zbl 1051.14043)] on the stability of \(B\) for a curve of genus \(\geq 2\) is given. Section 2 is devoted to the differential study of \(\Theta\) and the Hilbert schema \(\mathcal{H}\) of invertible degree 0 sheaves in \(B\). Using the results of \textit{Y. Laszlo} [Duke Math. J. 64, No. 2, 333--347 (1991; Zbl 0753.14023)] the author investigates the multiplicity of \(\Theta\), elucidates the role of the Cartier forms, and examines the points \(x \in \mathcal{H}\) in the case where \(\mathcal{H}\) is smooth of dimension \(g-1\). The main result of Section 3 asserts that for the generic curve of genus \(\geq 2\) in the space of modules, the divisor \(\Theta\) is geometrically integer and normal. The proof is technical and uses the reducible degenerate curves, the action of monodromy, the deformations of double ordinary points, the information on the Neron-Severi group of the Jacobian of the generic curve, and a formal GAGA property for a schema which is not necessarily proper. Section 4 deals with the case where \(g\) is small or \(p=3\). If \(p=3\), it is shown that \(\Theta\) is reduced and contains no irreducible components -- translates of abelian subvarieties. If, in addition, \(g=2\) then \(\Theta\) is integer. Finally, some applications of the divisor \(\Theta\) to the study of variation of the fundamental group of an algebraic curve are presented in Section 5. In particular, the author refines the recent result of \textit{A. Tamagawa} [J. Algebraic Geom. 13, No. 4, 675--724 (2004; Zbl 1100.14021)] on the specialization homomorphism between fundamental groups at least when the special fiber is supersingular.
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vector bundles
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theta divisor
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differential forms
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algebraic curve
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fundamental group
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