Non-isogenous superelliptic Jacobians (Q851011)

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic of characteristic different from a prime number \(\ell\) such that \(K\) contains a primitive \(\ell\)-th root of unity. Let \(f,h\in K[x]\) be irreducible, separable polynomials of degrees \(m,n\geq4\), resp.. Suppose that the splitting fields of \(f\) and \(h\) are linearly disjoint over \(K\). Assume furthermore that the Galois group \(\text{Gal}(f)\) of \(f\), resp. \(\text{Gal}(h)\), acts doubly transitively on the set of roots \(\mathcal{R}_f\), resp. \(\mathcal{R}_h\), of \(f\), resp. \(h\). In case \(\ell\mid n\), resp. \(\ell\mid m\), this action is supposed to be 3-transitive. Denote by \(J(C_{f,\ell})\), resp. \(J(C_{h,\ell})\), the Jacobian variety of the superelliptic curve \(y^{\ell}=f(x)\), resp. \(y^{\ell}=h(x)\). Then either \(\Hom(J(C_{f,\ell}),J(C_{h,\ell}))=0=\Hom(J(C_{h,\ell}),J(C_{h,\ell}))\), or \(p:=\text{char}(K)>0\) and there exists an abelian variety \(Z\) defined over the algebraic closure \(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p\) of \(\mathbb{F}_p\) such that \(\text{Jac}(C_{f,\ell})\) and \(\text{Jac}(C_{h,\ell})\) are isogenous over an algebraic closure \(K_a\) of \(K\) to self-products of \(Z\). One of the ingredients is the study of abelian varieties with big automorphism group. More precisely, the following results two are proved. Let \(E\) be a number field, \(X\) and \(Y\) abelian varieties over \(K_a\), \(i:E\hookrightarrow\text{End}^0(X):=\text{End}_{K_a}(X)\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} \mathbb{Q}\) and \(j:E\hookrightarrow\text{End}^0(Y)\) be embeddings. Let \(r_X:=(2\dim(X)/[E:\mathbb{Q}])\), \(r_Y:=(2\dim(Y)/[E:\mathbb{Q}])\) and \(\Hom^0((X,i),(Y,j)):=\{u\in\Hom^0(X,Y)\,| \,ui(e)=j(e)u,\) for every \(u\in E\}\). Suppose that \(\dim_E(\Hom^0((X,i),(Y,j)))=r_X\cdot r_Y\). Then both \(\text{End}^0(X,i)\) and \(\text{End}^0(Y,j)\) are central simple algebras of dimensions \(r_X^2\) and \(r_Y^2\), resp.. Furthermore, both \(X\) and \(Y\) are isogenous to self-products of a certain absolutely simple abelian variety \(B\) of CM-type. Under the hypothesis of theorem 3.4, assuming furthermore that \(E\) is normal over \(\mathbb{Q}\), then one of the following two situations take place: either \(\Hom(X,Y)=0=\Hom(Y,X)\), or both \(X\) and \(Y\) are isogenous over \(K_a\) to a certain absolutely simple abelian variety \(B\) of CM-type; moreover \(\text{End}^0(X,i)\) and \(\text{End}^0(Y,j)\) satisfy the conditions of the previous paragraph.