Continued fractions and Dedekind sums: three-term relations and distribution (Q852544)

The author considers the asymptotic distribution for large values of \(T(m, N)\) and \(|S(m, N)|\), where \(T(m,N)= a_1,+\cdots+ a_n\) for the continued fraction expansion \({1|\over|a_1}+\cdots+ {1|\over|a_n}\) of \({m\over N}\) with \(0\leq m< N\) and \((m,N)= 1\), and \[ S(m, N)= 12\sum^N_{k=1} \Biggl(\Biggl({k\over N}\Biggr)\Biggr)\Biggl(\Biggl({mk\over N}\Biggr)\Biggr) \] (the Dedekind sum). To do this, let \(0<\alpha\leq 1\), and consider \[ \begin{aligned} H_T(\alpha) &= |\{m; 0\leq m< N, (m,N)= 1, T(m,N)\geq N^\alpha\}|\quad\text{and}\\ H_S(\alpha) J&= |\{m; 0< m< N, (m,N)= 1,|S(m,N)|\geq N^\alpha\}|.\end{aligned} \] The study of \(H_T(\alpha)\) and \(H_S(\alpha)\) is based on the similar approximation formulas of \(T(m,N)\) and \(|S(m, N)|\), which are proved by using three-term relations that they satisfy. After giving three-term relations and approximation formulas of these sums, the following two theorems are obtained: Theorem 1. Let \(0<\alpha\leq 1\). Then for each \(\varepsilon> 0\) and each sufficiently large number \(N\), \[ H_T(\alpha)\geq (\lambda_T(\alpha)- \varepsilon){\varphi(N)\log N\over \pi^2N^\alpha}, \] where \(\lambda_T(\alpha)\) is \(6(1-\alpha)\) for \(1/3\leq\alpha\leq 1\) and \(12\alpha\) for \(0<\alpha< 1/3\). Theorem 2. Let \(\varepsilon> 0\) be arbitrary. For each \(\alpha\) with \(1/3< \alpha\leq 1\) and each sufficiently large number \(N\), \[ H_S(\alpha)\geq (\lambda_S(\alpha)- \varepsilon){\varphi(N)\log N\over \pi^2 N^\alpha}, \] where \(\lambda_S(\alpha)\) is \(6(1-\alpha)\) for \(1/2<\alpha\leq 1\), \(3(\sqrt{5}-1)/2\) for \(\alpha= 1/2\), and \(6\alpha-2\) for \(1/3<\alpha< 1/2\). And the third theorem gives the similar but weaker estimate of \(H_S(\alpha)\) for \(0<\alpha< 1\) and \(\varepsilon<\alpha/3\) and \(\varepsilon< (1- \alpha)/4\).