On \(p\)-groups forming Brauer pairs. (Q853918)

Two finite groups \(G\) and \(H\) form a `Brauer pair' if they are non-isomorphic and besides that, if there exists a bijection \(\tau\colon\text{Cl}(G)\to\text{Cl}(H)\) on the conjugacy classes of these groups which induces a bijection on the complex irreducible characters \(\sigma\colon\text{Irr}(H)\to\text{Irr}(G)\): \(\chi\mapsto\chi\circ\tau\) satisfying \(\tau\circ\pi^G_n=\pi^H_n\circ\tau\) for every \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\), where \(\pi^G_n\colon\text{Cl}(G)\to\text{Cl}(H)\) is the \(n\)-th power-map induced by \(G\to G\): \(g\mapsto g^n\). R. Brauer [view \textit{T. L. Saaty}, Lectures on modern mathematics. Vol. I. New York and London: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1963; Zbl 0124.24104)] asked about the existence of Brauer pairs of finite groups. \textit{E. C. Dade} [J. Algebra 1, 1-4 (1964; Zbl 0121.03303)] proved there are, by constructing a Brauer pair of order \(p^7\) and exponent \(p\) for all primes \(p\geq 7\). Later, in 1998 and 1992, it was shown that the smallest 2-groups forming Brauer pairs have order \(2^8\); similarly, the smallest 3-groups forming Brauer pairs have order \(3^6\). In this paper, three new series of Brauer pairs of order \(p^5\) and exponent \(p^2\) for all primes \(p\geq 5\), are presented. They are different from Dade's results in the before-mentioned paper. Moreover, it is also shown here that there are no Brauer pairs of order \(p^4\).