Trajectory attractor and global attractor for a two-dimensional incompressible non-Newtonian fluid (Q854008)

The trajectory attractor and global attractor for an autonormous non-Newtonian fluid is constructed. More precisely, the initial boundary value problem is formulated as follows: \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+(u \cdot\nabla)u+\nabla p=\nabla\cdot (2\mu_0(\varepsilon+ |e|^2)^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}}e-2 \mu_1\Delta e)+g(x),\quad x\in \Omega,\;t>0,\tag{1} \] \[ \nabla\cdot u=0,\quad x \in\Omega,\;t\geq 0, \] \[ u=0,\quad \tau_{ijk}n_jn_k=0,\quad x\in\partial\Omega,\quad t \geq 0, \] \[ u|_{t=0}=u_0, \] where \(\Omega\) is a smooth bounded subset of \(\mathbb{R}^2\), the unknown function \(u:\Omega\times[0,\infty)\to \mathbb{R}^2\) represents the velocity of the fluid; \(g:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^2\) is the external force and \(p\) is the pressure; \[ \tau_{ijk}=2\mu_1\frac {\partial e_{ij}}{\partial x_k} \quad\text{for }i,j,k=1,2; \] \[ e_{ij}(u)= \frac 12\left(\frac{\partial u_i} {\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial u_j}{\partial x_i}\right),\quad |e|^2=\sum^2_{i,j= 1}|e_{ij}|^2; \] \(n=(n_1,n_2)\) denotes the exterior unit normal to the boundary \(\partial\Omega\) and \(\mu_0,\mu_1,\alpha,\varepsilon\) are positive parameters. The equation (1) describes the motion of an isothermal, incompressible viscous fluid and is nonlinearly on \(e_{ij}\), so the fluid is called a non-Newtonian one. If \(\alpha=\mu_1=0\), then (1) turns into the Navier-Stokes equation. If \(\mu_1=\mu_0=0\), then (1) reduces to the Euler equation. They both describe Newtonian fluids.