Cohomology of partially ordered sets and local cohomology of section rings (Q854100)

Let \((P, \leq)\) denote a poset (partially ordered set) considered as a topological space with the Alexandrov topology, that is, the topology where the open sets are the lower subsets (also called order ideals) of \(P.\) Let \(K\) denote a field. For a sheaf of \(K\)-algebras \(\mathcal T\) let \(H^0(P, {\mathcal T})\) denote the zeroth cohomology group of \(P\) with coefficients in \(\mathcal T.\) For \(x \in P\) let \(d_x\) denote the Krull dimension of the stalk \(\mathcal F_x\) of \(\mathcal T\) at \(x.\) Assume the following conditions: (i) \(H^0(P, {\mathcal T})\) is noetherian and \(H^i(P, {\mathcal T}) = 0\) for every \(i > 0.\) (ii) \(H^i_I({\mathcal T}_x) = 0\) for every \(x \in P\) and every \(i \not= d_x.\) (iii) If \(x < y\) in \(P,\) then \(d_x < d_y.\) Then the authors prove the following isomorphism of \(K\)-modules \[ H^i_I(H^0(P,{\mathcal T}) \simeq \bigoplus_{x \in P} \widetilde{H}^{i-d_x-1}((x,1_{\widehat P}); K) \otimes_K H_I^{d_x}({\mathcal T}_x), \] where \(\widetilde{H}^{i-d_x-1}((x,1_{\widehat P}); K) \) denotes the reduced cohomology of the partially ordered set \((x,1_{\widehat P}) = \{y \in P : x < y\}\) with coefficients in \(K.\) Moreover, if \(\mathcal T\) is a sheaf of \(\mathbb Z^d\)-graded \(K\)-algebras, the isomorphism is an isomorphism of \(\mathbb Z^d\)-graded \(K\)-modules. The zeroth cohomology ring \(H^0(P, {\mathcal T})\) is naturally identified with the ring of global sections of \(\mathcal T.\) Therefore the previous statement generalizes the results of \textit{S. Yuzvinsky} [Adv. Math. 63, 172--195 (1987; Zbl 0613.13011), and Adv. Math. 73, 24--42 (1989; Zbl 0681.13012)], and \textit{Z. Caijun} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 349 (11), 4659--4667 (1997; Zbl 0885.13008)]. As another application to \(P = P(\Sigma),\) the face poset of a rational pointed fan \(\Sigma\) in \(\mathbb R^d\) there is the following result: Let \(\mathfrak m\) be the graded maximal ideal of the face ring \(K[\Sigma].\) Then there is an isomorphism \[ H^i_{\mathfrak m}(K[\Sigma]) \simeq \bigoplus_{C \in P}{\widetilde{H}}^{i-\dim(C)-1}((C,1_{\widehat P});K) \otimes_K H^{\dim(C)}_{\mathfrak m}(K[C]) \] of \(\mathfrak Z^d\)-graded \(K\)-modules. If \(\Sigma = \Sigma(\Delta)\) for a simplicial complex \(\Delta,\) then the poset \(C,1_{\widehat P}) = (C(F),1_{\widehat P})\) is isomorphic to the face poset \(P(\text{lk}_{\Delta} F)\) of the link of \(F.\) Therefore the previous formula generalizes Hochster's decomposition of local cohomology of Stanley-Reisner rings, see e.g. the second author's and \textit{J. Herzog}'s book [Cohen-Macaulay rings, revised edition, Cambridge Stud. Adv. Math., Vol. 39 (1998; Zbl 0909.13005)]. The proof of the first result above grows out of of the authors' subtle analysis of the homological algebra over a poset \(P.\)