Attractors for nonautonomous 2D Navier-Stokes equations with less regular normal forces (Q855385)

The purpose of this paper is to the investigate uniform attractor for the nonautonomous two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of viscous incompressible fluid on a bounded domain: \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\nu\Delta u+(u\cdot \nabla)u+\nabla p=f(x,t),\text{ div}u=0\text{ in }\Omega,\;u=0\text{ on }\partial\Omega, \;u|_{t=\tau}=u_\tau,\;\tau\in\mathbb{R},\tag{1} \] where \(\nu>0\) is the kinematic viscosity of the flow and \(f(x,t)\) is the external force. As usually \(H\) and \(V\) denote the Hilbert spaces \[ \begin{aligned} H&=\bigl\{u\in L^2 (\Omega)^2:\operatorname{div}\,u=0,\;u\cdot\vec n|_{\partial\Omega}=0 \bigr\},\\ V&= \bigl\{u\in H^1_0(\Omega)^2:\operatorname{div}\,u=0\bigr\} \end{aligned} \] which are endowed with the scalar products and norms of \(L^2 (\Omega)^2\) and \(H^1_2(\Omega)^2\) respectively. First, the existence and structure of uniform attractors in \(H\) is proved for equations with normal external forces in \(L^2_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R};V')\). Then, the properties of kernel sections are studied. Finally, the fractal dimension of the kernel sections of the uniform attractor is estimated.