On the existence of isotropic forms of semi-simple algebraic groups over number fields with prescribed local behavior. (Q855510)

\textit{A. Borel} and \textit{G. Harder} [(*), J. Reine Angew. Math. 298, 53--64 (1978; Zbl 0385.14014)] proved the existence of a cocompact lattice in the group of rational points of a connected semisimple algebraic group over a local field of characteristic 0 by constructing an appropriate form of the semisimple group over a number field and considering a suitable \(S\)-arithmetic subgroup. Recently, M. Belolipetsky and A. Lubotzky asked questions about existence of isotropic forms of semi-simple groups over number fields with prescribed local behavior, while studying the subgroup growth of arithmetic groups and, in particular, ``counting'' lattices of co-volume \(\leq c\). Questions of a similar nature arose in the work of \textit{D. Morris} [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 17, 469--490 (2004; Zbl 1157.17301)] on a completely different topic. The paper under review answers the above questions by developing the Galois cohomological techniques of [(*), loc. cit.]. The results of the paper can be classified as local-global statements. Let \(K\) be an algebraic number field and \(G_0\) be an absolutely simple simply connected algebraic group defined and quasi-split over \(K\). The main theorem says that (i) if \(v_0\) is a fixed non-archimedean place of \(K\) and for each place \(v\neq v_0\) of \(K\) we are given an inner twist \(G^{(v)}\) of \(G_0\) over \(K_v\) which is quasi-split over \(K_v\), then there exists an inner twist \(G\) of \(G_0\) over \(K\) such that \(G\) is \(K_v\)-isomorphic to \(G^{(v)}\) for all \(v\neq v_0\). Part (ii) of the theorem gives a necessary condition for the existence of a \(K\)-isotropic \(G\) as in (i); and part (iii) tells us when the condition of (ii) is sufficient for the existence of a \(K\)-isotropic form \(G\).