An action variable of the sine-Gordon model (Q857400)

The author discusses the relations between the classical propagating string and the sine-Gordon model which is one of the simplest nonlinear exactly solvable models of interacting relativistic fields and the propagating bosonic string. These models are equivalent on the level of classical equations of motion. There are discussed the tau-function and bilinear identities. The bilinear identities can be derived from the free fermion representation of the tau-function. There are discussed Bäcklund transformations and ``hidden'' symmetry. It is considered the plane wave limit and explained how acts on breathers. It is shown that the general solution without kinks can be approximated by collection of breathers and shift the phases of all the breathers by the same amount. The sine-Gordon model has infinitely many local conserved charges, which are in involution with each other. Each solution, where conformal coordinates on the worldsheet, defines an ``invariant torus'', which is defined as orbit of under Hamiltonian flows generated by the local conserved charges.