Asymptotics of instability zones of the Hill operator with a two term potential (Q859642)

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Asymptotics of instability zones of the Hill operator with a two term potential
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    Asymptotics of instability zones of the Hill operator with a two term potential (English)
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    16 January 2007
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    The authors study the instability intervals of the Hill operator \[ Ly=-y^{\prime\prime}-(4\alpha t\cos 2x+2\alpha^{2}\cos 4x)y, \] where either both \(\alpha\) and \(t\) are real, or both are pure imaginary numbers. Let \(\gamma_{n}\) be the length of the \(n\)th instability interval of \(L\) for \(n\in\mathbb N\). They establish that if \(t\) is fixed and \(\alpha\to 0\), then for even \(n\) \[ \gamma_{n}=\left|\frac{8\alpha^{n}}{2^{n}[(n-1)!]^{2}}\prod^{n/2}_{k=1}\left(t^{2}-(2k-1)^{2}\right)\right|(1+{\mathcal O}(\alpha)), \] and for odd \(n\) \[ \gamma_{n}=\left|\frac{8\alpha^{n}t}{2^n[(n-1)!]^{2}}\prod^{(n-1)/2}_{k=1}\left(t^{2}- (2k)^{2}\right)\right|(1+{\mathcal O}(\alpha)). \] This fully extends the result by \textit{D. M. Levy} and \textit{J. B. Keller} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 16, 469--476 (1963; Zbl 0121.31202)] for the Mathieu operator. The authors further prove the following asymptotic formulae for fixed \(t\neq 0\), \(\alpha\) and \(n\to\infty\): for even \(n\) \[ \gamma_{n}=\frac{8|\alpha|^{n}}{2^{n}[(n-2)!!]^{2}}\left|\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}t\right)\right|\left[1+{\mathcal O}\left(\frac{\log n}{n}\right)\right], \] and for odd \(n\) \[ \gamma_{n}=\frac{8|\alpha|^{n}}{2^{n}[(n-2)!!]^{2}}\frac{2}{\pi}\left|\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}t\right)\right|\left[1+{\mathcal O}\left(\frac{\log n}{n}\right)\right], \] which also fully extend the result by \textit{E. M. Harrell} [Suppl. Am. J. Math., 139--150 (1981; Zbl 0544.34014)] and that by \textit{J. Avron} and \textit{B. Simon} [Ann. Phys. 134, 76--84 (1981; Zbl 0464.34020)].
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    two-term potential
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    asymptotics of spectral gaps
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