Relative family Gromov-Witten invariants and symplectomorphisms (Q859817)

The author considers the space \(\mathcal A_{[\omega]}\) of almost complex structures that are tamed by some symplectic form joined to a symplectic form \(\omega\) of a compact manifold \(M\) through a path of cohomologous symplectic forms, and the homotopy fibration \(\text{ Symp}_0(M, \omega)\to \text{ Diff}_0M\to\mathcal A_{[\omega]}\) where \(\text{ Diff}_0M\) is the identity component in the group \(\text{ Diff} M\) and \(\text{ Symp}_0(M, \omega)=\text{ Symp}(M, \omega)\cap \text{ Diff}_0M\). Let \((\omega_{\lambda})_{\lambda\in I}\) denote a smooth family of symplectic forms where the parameter \(\lambda\) varies in the interval \(I\subset\mathbb R\) in such a manner that the cohomology class \([\omega_{\lambda}]\) may vary along a line in \(H^2(M; \mathbb R)\). Let \(\mathcal A_{\lambda}=\mathcal A_{[\omega_{\lambda}]}\) and let \(\mathcal A^c_{\lambda,D}\subset \mathcal A_{\lambda}\) be the subspace of those almost complex structures \(J\) which do not admit \(J\)-holomorphic stable maps in a class \(D\in H_2(M; \mathbb Z)\). Let \(\mathcal A_I= \bigcup_{\lambda\in I}\mathcal A_{\lambda}\), \(\mathcal A^c_{I,D}=\bigcup_{\lambda\in I}\mathcal A^c_{\lambda,D}\) and let \(\mathcal A_{\ell^+}\) denote the set of \(J\) for which there is \(\varepsilon_J>0\) such that \(J\in\mathcal A^c_{\ell+\varepsilon}\) for all \(0<\varepsilon<\varepsilon_J\). The author considers a relative homotopy set \(\pi_*(\mathcal A_I, A^c_{I,D})\) of maps from a compact smooth manifold \(B\) with boundary. She shows (Lemma 4.1) that \(\mathcal A_{\ell}\subset\mathcal A_{\ell^+}\) and that, for any cycle \(\rho\) in \(G_{\lambda}:=\text{ Symp}_0(M, \omega_{\lambda})\), there are extensions \(\rho_{\varepsilon}\) in \(G_{\lambda+\varepsilon}\) that, for \(\varepsilon\) sufficiently small, yield elements in \(\pi_*(G_{\lambda+\varepsilon})\). In Theorem 1.3, the author proves that assuming the existence of a non-trivial element of \(\pi_k(\mathcal A_{\ell^+}, \mathcal A_{\ell})\) which does not vanish in \(\pi_k(\mathcal A_{[\ell,\ell+\varepsilon]}, \mathcal A_{\ell})\), we can construct an element \(\theta_{\ell}\in \pi_{k-2}(G_{\ell})\) such that either \(\theta_{\ell}\neq0\) fragile, or \(\theta_{\ell}=0\) and there is \(\varepsilon _{\ell}\) such that we can construct a family of new elements \(0\neq\eta_{\ell+\varepsilon}\in \pi_{k-1}(G_{\ell+\varepsilon})\) where \(0<\varepsilon<\varepsilon_{\ell}\). After giving a formulation of relative parametric Gromov-Witten invariants \(\Theta_{k,\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k}([(J_B, \partial J_B)])\in \mathbb Q\) with \(\alpha_i\in H^{a_i}(M; \mathbb Q)\) along the work by \textit{P. Kronheimer} [Some non-trivial families of symplectic structures, preprint, Harvard University (1998)] and by \textit{M. Abreu} and \textit{D. McDuff} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 13, 971--1009 (2001; Zbl 0965.57031)], the author gets a persistent element of \(\pi_k(\mathcal A_{\ell^+}, \mathcal A_{\ell})\) in the assumption of the theorem for an integer \(\ell\geq1\) and \(M=S^2\times S^2\times X\) where \(X\) is an arbitrary compact symplectic manifold. The author's theorem yields non-trivial elements in the higher homotopy groups of \(G_{\lambda}\).