Geometry of quasilinear hyperbolic systems with characteristic fields of constant multiplicity (Q860560)

The author considers two problems concerned with the study of quasilinear hyperbolic systems with characteristic field of constant multiplicity. One is the problem on the regularity of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Another is the problem on the existence of the normalized coordinates. Let \(A(u)\) be an \(n\times n\) matrix depending on a parameter \(u= (u_1, u_2,\dots, u_n)\in\Omega\), \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Assume that \(A(u)\) has only real eigenvalues \(\lambda_1(u),\lambda_2(u),\dots, \lambda_n(u)\) of constant multiplicity in \(\Omega\), and assume a complete system of left eigenvectors (respectively, right) \(l_1(u),\dots, l_n(u)\) (respectively, \(r_1(u),\dots, r_n(u))\). Assume that \(\lambda_1(u)= \lambda_2(u)= \cdots= \lambda_p(u)< \lambda_{p+1}(u)< \cdots< \lambda_n(u)\). Then the author proves that if \(A(u)\) is \(C^k\) (\(k\geq 0\) is an integer) smooth with respect to \(u\in\Omega\), the eigenvalues \(\lambda_i(u)\) are all \(C^k\) smooth and moreover on \(\Omega\) the eigenvalues can be chosen such that they are all \(C^k\) smooth and satisfy \(r_i(u)^Tl_j(u)= \delta_{ij}\) \(((i,j= 1,\dots, n)\). Furthermore he showed that there is an invertible smooth transformation \(u =u(\widetilde u)(u(0)= 0)\) such that \(r_i(u(\sum^p_{h=1} \widetilde u_h e_h))= e_i\), \(\forall|\widetilde u_h|\ll 1\) \((h= 1,\dots, p)\) and \(r_j(u(\widetilde u_j e_j))= e_j\), \(\forall|\widetilde u_j|\ll 1\) \((j= p+1,\dots, n)\), where \(e_j\) is a vector of which the \(j\)th component is 1 and the other equal to \(0\).