Approximation of modulus semigroups and their generators (Q862381)

Let \(T\) and \(S\) be \(C_{0}\)-semigroups on a Banach lattice \(X\). It is said that \(T\) is dominated by \(S\) if \[ | T (t) x | \leq S (t) | x | \quad (t \geq 0, \;x \in X). \] If there exists a smallest \(C_{0}\)-semigroup dominating \(T\), it is called the modulus semigroup and denoted by \(T^{\sharp}\). Similarly, its generator is denoted by adding the superscript \(\sharp\) to the generator of \(T\). The following result forms the core of the paper. Let \(X\) be a Banach lattice with order continuous norm. Let \(T_{n},S_{n}\) and \(U_{n} \;(n \in \mathbb N)\) be \(C_{0}\)-semigroups on \(X\), \(T_{n}\) consisting of regular operators, and let \[ | T_{n} (t) | \leq U_{n} (t) \leq S_{n} (t) \quad (t \geq 0, \;n \in \mathbb{N}). \] In addition, assume that \(( T_{n} )\) converges to a \(C_{0}\)-semigroup \(T\), that \(T\) possesses a modulus semigroup, and that \((S_{n})\) converges to \(T^{\sharp}\). Then \(U_{n}\) converges to \(T^{\sharp}\). Based on this result, the authors deduce approximation formulas for the modulus semigroup and its generator. In particular, they prove that if \(A\) is the generator of a \(C_{0}\)-semigroup \(T\) which possesses a modulus semigroup, then \(\frac{1}{s} (| T (s) | - I) \to A^{\sharp}\) in the strong resolvent sense as \(s \to 0,\) and \[ T^{\sharp} (t) = s - \lim_{n \to \infty} | T (t/n) |^{2} \] uniformly for \(t\) in compact subsets of \([0,\infty).\) The obtained main results are applied to perturbations of semigroups by bounded operators.