Littlewood-Paley operators with variable kernels (Q862710)

For \(0\leq\alpha<1\) and \(\Phi\in L^1({\mathbb R})\), following an idea of \textit{M. Christ}, \textit{J. Duoandikoetxea} and \textit{J. L. Rubio de Francia} [Duke Math. J. 53, 189--209 (1986; Zbl 0656.42010)], the authors define the following variant of the directional Hilbert transform on test functions \(f\) on \({\mathbb R}^n\): \[ {\mathcal H}_\alpha f(x,y',t):=2^{-\alpha t}\int_{\mathbb R}\Phi_t(r)f(x-ry')\,dr, \] where \(x\in {\mathbb R}^n\), \(y'\) belongs to the unit sphere \(S^{n-1}\) in \({\mathbb R}^n\) (\(n\geq 2\)), and \(\Phi_t(r)=2^{-t} \Phi(2^{-t}r)\). Under some additional conditions on \(\Phi\), and for \(1<p\leq 2\) and \(0\leq \gamma <1/p'\), the authors obtain the mixed norm estimate \[ {\| {\mathcal H}_0 f\| }_{L^p(L^p_\gamma)\times L^2} \leq C {\| f\| }_{L^p({\mathbb R}^n)} \] for some positive constant \(C\), and with the mixed norm of \({\mathcal H}_\alpha f\) defined by \[ {\| {\mathcal H}_\alpha f\| }_{L^p(L^p_\gamma)\times L^2} := \left\{\int_{{\mathbb R}^n}{\left[\int_{\mathbb R} {\left(\int_{S^{n-1}}{\left| {\mathcal H}_\alpha(f)(x,y',t) \right| }^r \,d\sigma(y') \right)}^{2/r} \,dt\right]}^{p/2} \,dx\right\}^{1/p}. \] In addition, similar mixed norm estimates are obtained for another variant \(\widetilde{\mathcal H}_\alpha\) of the Hilbert transform \[ \widetilde{\mathcal H}_\alpha f(x,y',t):=2^{-\alpha t}\int_{0}^{\infty}\Phi_t(s)[f(x-sy')-f(x)]\,ds \] (with \(0<\alpha <1\)), for Littlewood--Paley functions with a variable kernel, and also for the Marcinkiewicz integral operator. The main used techniques are based on the Minkowski inequality, the Funk-Hecke formula, a Sobolev embedding theorem, and the above second variant \(\widetilde{\mathcal H}_\alpha\) of the Hilbert transform.