Transformation semigroups and exact sequences (Q863518)

Let \((X,S)\) be a transformation semigroup such that \(X\) is a compact space and \(S\) is a discrete topological semigroup with identity \(e\), which acts continuously on \(X\). Denote by \(E(X,S)\) the enveloping (Ellis) semigroup of \((X,S)\); that is, the closure of \(S\) in \(X^X\) with pointwise convergence. Given another transformation semigroup \((Y,S)\) and a map \(\phi:(X,S)\longrightarrow (Y,S)\) that preserves the action of \(S\), set \(R(\phi)=\{(x,y)\in X\times Y: \phi(x)=\phi(y) \}\) and \(\Delta_Y=\{(y,y): y\in Y\}\). A sequence (finite or infinite) of transformations \(\dots@>\phi_{n-1}>> (X_n,S)@>\phi_n>> ((X_{n+1},S)@>\phi_{n+1}>> (X_{n+2},S) @>\phi_{n+2}>> \dots\) is called exact if for each \(i\in \mathbb Z,\;\phi_i\times \phi_i(X_i\times X_i)\cup \Delta_{X_{i+1}}=R(\phi_{i+1}).\) In the paper under review the author considers exact sequences of transformation semigroups. First, a version of the well-known five-lemma within this context is proved. Then the author studies further properties of these exact sequences. For instance, if \(P(X,S)=\{(x,y)\in X\times X: \exists p\in E(X,S)\;xp=yp \}\), the sequence above is called P-exact if for each \(i\in \mathbb Z,\;\phi_i\times \phi_i(P(X_i))\cup \Delta_{X_{i+1}}=R(\phi_{i+1});\) the follo\-wing result is obtained: let \(e\) be the identity of the semigroup \(S\); and let \(S_1,\dots,S_m\) be subsemigroups of \(S\) such that \(e\in \cap_{i=1}^mS_i\) and \(S=\cup_{i=1}^mS_i\). If the sequences \(\dots@>\phi_{n-1}>> (X_n,S_i)@>\phi_n>> ((X_{n+1},S_i)@>\phi_{n+1}>> (X_{n+2},S_i) @>\phi_{n+2}>> \dots\) are P-exact for \(i=1,\dots,m\) and \(A_i\) is a nonempty subset of \(X_i\) for all \(i\in \mathbb Z\), then the sequence \(\dots@>\phi_{n-1}>> (X_n,S)@>\phi_n>> ((X_{n+1},S)@>\phi_{n+1}>> (X_{n+2},S) @>\phi_{n+2}>>\dots\) is P-exact. The paper also contains several examples which illustrate the relations among the different notions considered.