Belyi-extending maps and the Galois action on dessins d'enfants (Q863789)

Summary: We study the absolute Galois group by looking for invariants and orbits of its faithful action on Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants. We define a class of functions called Belyi-extending maps, which we use to construct new Galois invariants of dessins from previously known invariants. Belyi-extending maps are the source of ``new-type'' relations on the injection of the absolute Galois group into the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group. We make explicit how to get from a general Belyi-extending map to formula for its associated invariant which can be implemented in a computer algebra package. We give an example of a new invariant differing on two dessins which have the same values for the other readily computable invariants.