Inequalities for the Hadamard weighted geometric mean of positive kernel operators on Banach function spaces (Q865020)

Let \(u\) be a \(\sigma\)-finite positive measure on a \(\sigma\)-algebra of subsets of \(X\) and let \(M(u)\) denote the vector space of equivalence classes of almost everywhere equal complex measurable functions on \(X\). A Banach function space \(L\) is a Banach space consisting of elements of \(M(u)\) with the property that \(f\in L\), \(g\in M(u)\) and \(|g|\leq|f|\) imply that \(g\in L\) and \(\| g\|\leq\| f\|\). \(L\) is said to have the Fatou property if for every increasing net \(\{f_\alpha\}_\alpha\) with limit \(f\) in \(L\), we have \(\| f\|= \sup_{\alpha\| f_\alpha\|}\). A bounded linear operator \(K\) on such an \(L\) is called a kernel operator if \[ (Kf)(x) = \int_X k(x, y)f(y)\,du(y) \] for some measurable function \(k(x, y)\) on \(X\times X\) such that \[ \int_X|k(x, y)f (y)|\,du(y)<\infty \] for all \(f\) in \(L\) and for almost all \(x\) in \(X\). For kernel operators \(K_j\), \(1\leq j\leq n\), on \(L\) with kernels \(k_j\geq 0\) a.e.\ and positive numbers \(\alpha_j\), \(1\leq j\leq n\), satisfying \(\sum_j\alpha_j= 1\), the Hadamard weighted geometric mean \(K\) is defined as the kernel operator with kernel equal to \(k_1(x, y)^{\alpha_1}\cdots k_n(x, y)^{\alpha_n}\). The authors prove that in this case \(\| K\|\leq\| K_1\|^{\alpha_1}\cdots\| K_n\|^{\alpha_n}\), \(r(K)\leq r(K_1)^{\alpha_1}\cdots r(K_n)^{\alpha_n}\) and, for \(L= L^2(u)\), \(w(K)\leq w(K_1)^{\alpha_1}\cdots w(K_n)^{\alpha_n}\). Here, for an operator \(A\) on a Hilbert space \(H\) with inner product \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\), \(\| A\|\), \(r(A)= \sup\{|\lambda|: \lambda\in\sigma(A)\}\) and \(w(A)=\sup\{|\langle Ax,x\rangle|: x\in H\), \(\| x\|= 1\}\) denote its operator norm, spectral radius and numerical radius, respectively. Another result proved is an infinite-dimensional generalization to positive kernel operators on Banach function spaces over atomic measure spaces of a characterization of Elsner, Hershkowitz and Pinkus of functions \(f:\mathbb{R}^n_+\to \mathbb{R}_+\) satisfying \(r(f(A_1,\dots, A_n))\leq f(r(A_1),\dots, r(A_n))\) for all nonnegative matrices \(A_1,\dots, A_n\) of the same size.