Involutions for upper triangular matrix algebras. (Q867916)

The first result in the paper under review is the description of the involutions of the first kind (which fix the centre) of the algebra \(UT_n(F)\) of \(n\times n\) upper triangular matrices over a field of characteristic different from 2. The authors show that, up to isomorphism of algebras with involution, there are two types of involutions. The first one is the transposition with respect to the ``other'' diagonal of the matrices. The second one is the symplectic involution which appears for \(n\) even only. Then the authors study the \(*\)-polynomial identities of the algebras \(UT_2(F)\) and \(UT_3(F)\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. For \(UT_2(F)\) they give explicit bases of four polynomial identities of degree 2, 3 and 4 in both the cases, determine the \(*\)-cocharacter sequences, the \(*\)-codimensions, and the Hilbert (or Poincaré) series of the relatively free algebras. Most of these results hold also in the case of odd characteristic. Finally, the authors determine a basis of 6 identities of degree \(\leq 5\) of the \(*\)-polynomial identities for \(UT_3(F)\). The considerations are much more complicated than in the case of the ordinary polynomial identities when the basis of the identities of \(UT_n(F)\) consists of the single identity \([x_1,x_2]\cdots[x_{2n-1},x_{2n}]=0\).