A surface of general type with \(p_g=q=2\) and \(K^2_X=5\) (Q868748)

Let \(X\) be a minimal complex surface of general type. The minimal possible value of the holomorphic Euler-Poincaré characteristic \(\chi(X):=\chi(\omega_X)\) is 1 and for \(\chi(X)=1\) one has \(1\leq K^2_X\leq 9\). As it is traditional, we write \(p_g(X):=h^0(\omega_X)\) (geometric genus and \(q(X):=h^0(\Omega^1_X)\) (irregularity), so that \(\chi(X)=1\) iff \(p_g(X)=q(X)\). Although many examples of surfaces with these invariants are known, at the moment a complete classification seems completely out of reach. If one assumes further that \(X\) is of Albanese general type, namely that the Albanese image of \(X\) is a surface, then one has additional information on \(X\). By a result of \textit{O. Debarre} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 110, 319--346 (1982; Zbl 0543.14026)] one has \(K^2_X\geq 2p_g(X)\) (hence \(q(X)\leq 4\)) and by a result of \textit{A. Beauville} [appendix to Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 110, 319--346 (1982; Zbl 0543.14026)] if \(p_g(X)=q(X)=4\), then \(X\) is the product of two curves of genus 2. If \(q(X)=3\), then it has been shown independently by \textit{C. D. Hacon} and \textit{R. Pardini} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 354, No. 7, 2631--2638 (2002; Zbl 1009.14004)] and by \textit{G. P. Pirola} [Manuscr. Math. 108, No. 2, 163--170 (2002; Zbl 0997.14009)] that \(X\) is the symmetric product of a curve of genus 6. In particular one has \(K^2_X=6\), namely the lowest possible value. For \(q(X)=2\), then a double cover \(X\) of an abelian surface \(A\) branched on a smooth ample divisor \(D\) is an example with \(K^2_X=4\) and in \textit{M. Manetti} [Math. Nachr. 261--262, 105--122 (2003; Zbl 1044.14017)] it is shown that this is the only such example if one also assumes that \(K_X\) be ample. Analogy with the case \(q(X)=3\) has then led Catanese to conjecture that this is the only example if \(X\) has no irrational pencil. In the present paper, the authors construct an example with \(q(X)=2\) and \(K^2_X=5\), thus disproving Catanese's conjecture. The Albanese map of \(\text{ alb}\colon X\to A\) has degree 3. The authors use Fourier-Mukai transforms to determine the sheaf \(\text{ alb}_*\omega_X\) and then use this information to show the existence of \(X\).