Group-like algebras and Hadamard matrices. (Q868864)

Bi-Frobenius algebras were introduced by \textit{Y. Doi} and \textit{M. Takeuchi} [New trends in Hopf algebra theory, Contemp. Math. 267, 67-97 (2000; Zbl 0980.16033)] as a generalization of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. The datum \((A,m,1,\Delta,\varepsilon,\varphi,t)\) is a bi-Frobenius algebra if i) \((A,m,1,\varphi)\) is a Frobenius algebra; ii) \((A,\Delta,\varepsilon,t)\) is a co-Frobenius coalgebra; iii) \(\varepsilon\) is an algebra map; iv) \(1\in C\) is a group-like element and v) the map \(S\colon A\to A\) defined by \(S(x)=\sum\varphi(t_1x)t_2\) is an antimorphism of algebras and coalgebras. \textit{Y. Doi} [Hopf algebras. Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 237, 143-155 (2001; Zbl 1059.16032)] introduced a family of examples of these algebras, the group-like algebras. The author obtains a description of group-like algebras in terms of a family of square matrices. In the particular case in which \(S=\text{id}\) and \(k\subseteq\mathbb{R}\), the mentioned family gives rise to a Hadamard matrix. Using Hadamard matrices, a family of unbounded dimension of commutative group like-algebras with \(S\) convolution inverse of the identity and that are not Hopf algebras is constructed. Moreover, a version of Maschke's theorem for these special bi-Frobenius algebras is obtained.