Bernoulli numbers, Wolstenholme's theorem, and \(p^5\) variations of Lucas' theorem (Q868893)

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    Bernoulli numbers, Wolstenholme's theorem, and \(p^5\) variations of Lucas' theorem
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      Bernoulli numbers, Wolstenholme's theorem, and \(p^5\) variations of Lucas' theorem (English)
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      26 February 2007
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      Let \(n\) and \(r\) be non-negative numbers and \(p\geq 7\) a prime. The author proves that \[ \Big({np\atop rp}\Big)/\Big({n\atop r}\Big)\equiv 1-{1\over 3}B_{p-3}nr(n-r)p^3 \pmod {p^5}, \] where \(B_n\) is the \(n\)th Bernoulli number. This result, modulo \(p\), is due to E. Lucas, modulo \(p^3\) it is due to \textit{D. Bailey} [J. Number Theory 35, No. 2, 208--215 (1990; Zbl 0704.11001)]. Similarly the author establishes a mod \(p^5\) congruence for \[ \Big({Np^3+n\atop Rp^3+r}\Big)/\Big({N\atop R}\Big)\Big({n\atop r}\Big), \] where the mod \(p\) version is due to Lucas, and the mod \(p^3\) version to Bailey [ibid.].
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      Lucas' theorem
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      Wolstenholme's theorem
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      harmonic series
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