\(L\)-functions with large analytic rank and abelian varieties with large algebraic rank over function fields (Q870648)

This paper presents many examples of L-functions over function fields vanishing to high order at the center point of their functional equation, and in some examples proves the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. The main results are formulated as follows. Theorem 1: For every prime mumber \(p\), every positive integer \(g\), and every integer \(R\), there exist absolute1y simple, non-isotrivial Abelian varieties \(J\) of dimension \(g\) over the function fie1d \(\mathbb{F}_p(t)\) such that \(\text{ord}_{s=1} L(J/\mathbb{F}_p(t), s)\geq R\). For all \(p\) and \(g\) there are examples of such \(J\) for which the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer holds and so the rank of the finitely generated Abelian group \(J(\mathbb{F}_p(t))\) is at least \(R\). Examples of these Abelian varieties are explicitly constructed as the Jacobian varieties of the curves, e.g., for \(p> 2\) not dividing \((2g+ 2)(2g+ 1)\), \(y^2= x^{2g+2}+ x^{2g+1}+ u\), and for \(p= 2\), \(y^2+ xy= x^{2g+1}+ ux\). Furthermore, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture is proved that \[ \text{rank\,}J(\mathbb{F})= \text{ord}_{s=1} L(J/\mathbb{F},s), \] where \(J\) is the Jacobian variety of the curve defined by four monomials over \(\mathbb{F}= \mathbb{F}_q(u)\) satisfying Shioda's condition stated in \textit{T. Shioda} [Am. J. Math. 108, 415--432 (1986; Zbl 0602.14033)]. The author realizes large analytic rank for the L-function \(L(H^k(J)_{\text{prim}},s)\) associated to the primitive part of the \(k\)th \(\ell\)-adic cohomology of an Abelian variety \(J\). Theorem 2: For every prime number \(p> 2\), every odd positive integer \(k\) and every integer \(R\) there exist infinite1y many integers \(g\) such that there exist absolute1y simple, non-isotrivial Abelian varieties \(J\) of dimension \(g\) over \(\mathbb{F}_p(t)\) with \[ \text{ord}_{s=(k+1)/2}L(H^k(J)_{\text{prim}},s)\geq R. \] Some new results are obtained also for elliptic curves extending the author's earlier work in [Ann. Math. (2) 155, No. 1, 295--315 (2002; Zbl 1109.11314)]. Theorem 3: Let \(\mathbb{F}_q\) be the fie1d with \(q\) elements, \(q\) a power of \(p\), and let \(E\) be any elliptic curve defined over the function field \(\mathbb{F}= \mathbb{F}_q(v)\) such that the \(j\)-invariant of E does not lie in \(\mathbb{F}_q\). Then there exists a power \(r\) of \(q\) such that for every integer \(R\) there are extensions of \(\mathbb{F}\) of the form \(\mathbb{K}= \mathbb{F}_r(t)\) such that \[ \text{ord}_{s=1} L(E/K,s)\geq R. \] The method for proving these results was already developed by the author in [Invent. Math. 159, No. 1, 133--186 (2005; Zbl 1105.11017)], and rests on a new (but simple) result in linear algebra and its application to cohomological interpretation of L-functions. This approach also rediscovers a result of Tate and Shafarevich on isotrivial elliptic curves. Theorem: Let \(E_0\) be a supersingular elliptic curve over \(\mathbb{F}_p\) and let \(E= E_0\times_{\text{Spec\,}\mathbb{F}_p}\text{Spec\,}\mathbb{F}_p(t)\). Then for every integer \(R\) there exist quadratic twists \(E'\) of \(E\) over \(\mathbb{F}_p(t)\) such that the rank of \(E'(\mathbb{F}_p(t))\) is \(\geq R\).