Planar binary trees and perturbative calculus of observables in classical field theory (Q873639)

The author considers the Klein-Gordon equation \((\square+m^2)\phi+\lambda\phi^2=0\) with a quadratic interaction term. If \(\phi\), \(\psi\) are both solutions of the interaction free equation (\(\lambda=0\)), then it is well known that for any constant time surface \(\Sigma\), the functional \(\phi\mapsto\int_\Sigma({\partial\psi\over\partial t}\phi-\psi{\partial\phi\over\partial t})d\sigma\) is independent of the time. The author studies the behaviour of this functional when one enters solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation for \(\lambda\neq0\). The main result is a perturbative expansion as a power series in \(\lambda\) where the terms are labelled by planar binary trees. The convergence of the series is proven with an estimate on the convergence radius.