Hopf bifurcation with \(S_3\)-symmetry (Q874843)

Summary: The aim of this paper is to study Hopf bifurcation with \(S_3\)-symmetry assuming Birkhoff normal form. We consider the standard action of \(S_3\) on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) obtained from the action of \(S_3\) on \(\mathbb{R}^3\) by permutation of coordinates. This representation is absolutely irreducible and so the corresponding Hopf bifurcation occurs on \(\mathbb{R}^2\oplus\mathbb{R}^2\). \textit{M. Golubitsky, I. Stewart} and \textit{D. Schaeffer} [Singularities and groups in bifurcation theory. Volume II, Applied Mathematical Sciences 69, New York: Springer-Verlag (1988; Zbl 0691.58003)] and \textit{D. Wood} [Dyn. Stab. Syst. 13, 55--93 (1998; Zbl 0936.34031)] proved the generic existence of three branches of periodic solutions, up to conjugacy, in systems of ordinary differential equations with \(S_3\)-symmetry, depending on one real parameter, that present Hopf bifurcation. These solutions are found by using the equivariant Hopf theorem. We describe the most general possible form of a \(S_3\times S^1\)-equivariant mapping (assuming Birkhoff normal form) for the standard \(S_3\)-simple action on \(\mathbb{R}^2\oplus\mathbb{R}^2\). Moreover, we prove that generically these are the only branches of periodic solutions that bifurcate from the trivial solution.