Cluster states in a ring of four coupled semiconductor lasers (Q876082)

The authors consider the delay-differential system, which model the ring of four coupled semiconductor lasers. In a short form, it reads as \[ \frac{dx_i}{dt}= f(x_i(t),x_i(t-\tau),x_{i+1}(t-\tau_c),x_{i-1}(t-\tau_c)), \] where \(i=0,1,2,3\) is considered modulo 4, \(\tau,\tau_c>0\), \(x_i\in \mathbb R^3\). Their numerical analysis shows the existence of stable cluster solutions, at which the first system is synchronized with the third one and the second with the fourth, i.e. \(\| x_1-x_3\| \to 0\) and \(\| x_2-x_4\| \to 0\) as \(t\to \infty\). The authors also provide some analytical arguments, but they are doubtful.