Galois 2-extensions unramified outside 2 (Q877921)

Let \(K\) be a number field, \(p\) a prime number, and \(S\) the set of prime divisors of \(p\) into \(K\) together with infinite primes of \(K\). Let \(K_S(p)\) denote the maximal pro-\(p\)-extension of \(K\) unramified outside \(S\), and write \(G_S\) the Galois group of \(K_S(p)\) over \(K\). In the terms of the author, the big problem is to determine \(G_S\). A characterization for \(G_S\) to be a free pro-\(p\)-group appears in the book of \textit{J. Neukirch, A. Schmidt} and \textit{K. Wingberg} [Cohomology of Number Fields. Berlin: Springer (1999; Zbl 0948.11001)]. Also \textit{K. Wingberg} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 22, No. 4, 555--567 (1989; Zbl 0715.11064)] has classified \(G_S\) when it is a Demushkin group. Call ``virtually free'' a pro-\(p\)-group with an open free subgroup. A natural question is: for which number fields \(K\) the group \(G_S\) is virtually free? In the paper under review, the author studies the case when \(p=2\) and classifies quadratic, biquadratic and degree 4 cyclic number fields whose \(G_S\) is free. He also classifies quadratic number fields for which \(G_S\) is not free, but has a degree 2 extension which is Galois over \(\mathbb{Q}\) and whose \(G_S\) is free. In this case, the author explicitly describes the Galois group of their maximal pro-2-extension unramified outside 2 and infinity using a result of \textit{W. N. Herfort, L. Ribes} and \textit{P. A. Zalesskii} [Forum Math. 11, 49--61 (1999; Zbl 0934.20022)] on virtually free pro-\(p\)-groups.