Selections of bounded variation under the excess restrictions (Q878458)

Let \(X\) be a metric space with metric \(d\), \(c(X)\) denote the family of all nonempty compact subsets of \(X\) and, given \(F,G\in c(X)\), let \({\text e}(F,G)=\sup_{x\in F} \inf_{y\in G} d(x,y)\) be the Hausdorff excess of \(F\) over \(G\). The excess variation of a multifunction \(F:[a,b]\to c(X)\), which generalizes the ordinary variation \(V\) of single-valued functions, is defined by \(V_+(F,[a,b])=\sup_\pi \sum_{i=1}^m {\text e}(F(t_{i-1}),F(t_i))\) where the supremum is taken over all partitions \(\pi=\{t_i\}_{i=0}^m\) of the interval \([a,b]\). The main result of the paper is the following selection theorem: If \(F:[a,b]\to c(X)\), \(V_+(F,[a,b])<\infty\), \(t_0\in [a,b]\) and \(x_0\in F(t_0)\), then there exists a single-valued function \(f:[a,b]\to X\) of bounded variation such that \(f(t)\in F(t)\) for all \(t\in [a,b]\), \(f(t_0)=x_0\), \(V(f,[a,t_0))\leq V_+(F,[a,t_0))\) and \(V(f,[t_0,b])\leq V_+(F,[t_0,b])\). Examples are exhibited showing that the conclusions in this theorem are sharp, and that it produces new selections of bounded variation as compared with [\textit{V. V. Chistyakov}, J. Appl. Anal. 10, No. 1, 1--82 (2004; Zbl 1077.26015)]. In contrast to this, a multifunction \(F\) satisfying \({\text e}(F(s),F(t))\leq C(t-s)\) for some constant \(C\geq 0\) and all \(s,t\in [a,b]\) with \(s\leq t\) (Lipschitz continuity with respect to \({\text e}(\cdot,\cdot)\)) admits a Lipschitz selection with a Lipschitz constant not exceeding \(C\) if \(t_0=a\) and may have only discontinuous selections of bounded variation if \(a<t_0\leq b\). The same situation holds for continuous selections of \(F:[a,b]\to c(X)\) when it is excess continuous in the sense that \({\text e}(F(s),F(t))\to 0\) as \(s\to t-0\) for all \(t\in (a,b]\) and \({\text e}(F(t),F(s))\to 0\) as \(s\to t+0\) for all \(t\in [a,b)\) simultaneously.