On the existence of periodic orbits for the fixed homogeneous circle problem (Q878536)

The authors use geometric arguments to demonstrate the existence of some types of periodic orbits for the movement of a particle in Euclidean three-space \(\mathbb{R}^3\) on which the only acting force is the gravitational force induced by a fixed homogeneous circle. These types include periodic orbits very far and very near the homogeneous circle, as well as eight and spiral periodic orbits. The study presented is purely analytical.