First- and second-order discontinuous functional differential equations with impulses at fixed moments (Q880311)

The authors consider the impulsive functional boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} &x'(t) = f(t,x(t),x)\quad\text{for almost all}\quad t\in J=[0,1],\\ &I_k(x(t_k^+),x) = 0,\quad\,\, k=1,2,\dots,p,\\ &B(x(0),x) = 0, \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(0=t_0<t_1<\cdot<t_p<t_{p+1} = 1\) is a fixed partition which corresponds to impulsive effects. We note that all of the elements in problem (1), namely, differential equation, impulses and the boundary condition depend functionally on the state variable \(x\), which means that the global form of the solution is involved at almost every moment and, in particular, in the determination of the impulses at the times \(t_k\). New sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal solutions to discontinuous functional differential equations with impulses are obtained.