Remarks on the boundary behavior of Bloch functions (Q881205)

The class of Bloch functions \(\mathcal{B}\) consists of all functions \(f\) in the unit disk \(\Delta=\{z:| z| <1\}\) such that \[ \| f\|_\mathcal{B}=\sup_{z\in\Delta}(1-| z| ^{2})| f'(z)| <\infty. \] The space \(\mathcal{B}_0\) consists of all functions \(f\in\mathcal{B}\) such that \((1-| z| ^{2})| f'(z)| \to 0\) for \(| z| \to 1\), and the subset \(\mathcal{B}_1\subset \mathcal{B}\) consists of all functions \(f\in \mathcal{B}\) which satisfy the following restriction: if \(\{z_n\}\) is a sequence in \(\Delta\) such that \(| f(z_n)| \to\infty\), then \((1-| z_n| ^{2})| f'(z_n)| \to0\). Let \(S\) be the class of analytic and univalent functions \(f\) in \(\Delta\) normalised by the condition \(f(0)=f'(0)-1=0\). Denote by \(\text{Aut}\;\Delta\) the set of all conformal automorphisms \(\varphi(z)=e^{i\theta}\dfrac{a+z}{1+{\overline a}z}\), \(a\in\Delta\), \(\theta\in\mathbb{R}\), of the disk \(\Delta\). A linear-invariant family \(\mathfrak{M}\) consists of all locally univalent functions \(h(z)=z+\cdots\) satisfying the condition: for any functions \(h\in\mathfrak{M}\) and \(\varphi\in \text{Aut}\Delta\) the function \[ F_\varphi(z)=\frac{h\bigl(\varphi(z)\bigr)-h\bigl(\varphi(0)\bigr)}{h'\bigl(\varphi(0)\bigr)\varphi'(0)} =z+\cdots \] also belongs to \(\mathfrak{M}\). The number \(\text{ord}h=\sup\{\,| F_\varphi''(0)| /2:\varphi\in\text{Aut}\Delta\,\}\) is called the order of the function \(h\). The totality of all locally univalent functions \(h(z)=z+\cdots\) in \(\Delta\) with \(\text{ord}h\leq\alpha\) is called the universal linear-invariant family of functions and is denoted by \(U_\alpha\). A function \(f\) belongs to \(U'_\alpha\) if \[ f'(z)=\exp[-2\int_0^{2\pi}\log(1-ze^{it})\,d\mu(t)],\qquad z\in\Delta,\quad \log 1=0, \] where \(\mu(t)\) is any complex-valued function of bounded variation on \([0,2\pi]\) satisfying the condition \[ \biggm| \int_0^{2\pi}d\mu(t)-1\biggm| +\int_0^{2\pi}d\mu(t)\leq\alpha ,\qquad \alpha\geq1. \] A function \(f\) belongs to \(U^{*}_\alpha\) if there exists a convex function \(s(z)=z+\cdots(\text{i.e.},\;s\in U_1=U'_1\)) and the Schwarz function \(\omega\) (i.e. the analytic function \(\omega(z)\) in \(\Delta\) such that \(\omega(\Delta)\subset\Delta\) and \(\omega(0)=0\)) which satisfy the condition \[ f'(z)=s'(z)\exp\biggl[-2\int_0^{2\pi}\log(1-\omega(z)e^{it})\,d\mu(t)\biggr],\qquad \log1=0. \] Here \(\mu(t)\) is an arbitrary complex-valued function of bounded variation on \([0,2\pi)\) such that \[ \int_0^{2\pi}| d\mu(t)| \leq\alpha-1, \qquad\int_0^{2\pi}d\mu(t)=0. \] The authors in the paper under review prove the following theorem: a) \(f\in\bigcup_{\alpha<\infty}U_\alpha^{*}\Longrightarrow\log f'\in\text{BMOA}\) and b) \(f\in\bigcup_{\alpha<\infty}U'_\alpha\Longrightarrow\log f'\in\text{BMOA}\). For the integral mean \[ I_2(r,g)=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}| g(re^{i\theta})| ^{2}d\theta,\qquad 0< r<1, \] it is well known that if \(f\in\mathcal{B}_0\), then the definition of \(\mathcal B_0\) yields \[ \lim_{r\to1}(1-r)^{2}I_2(r,f')=0.\tag{1} \] It is shown by an example that tending to zero in (1) can be arbitrarily slow. Finally, asymptotic estimates for Bloch and \(\mathcal{B}_1\)-functions are extended to Stolz angles.