On eigenpairs of Schrödinger equation with multiwell potential (Q882005)

Consider the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation \[ u''-V(x)u+\lambda u=0,\quad x\in(-L,L), \] with boundary conditions \(u(-L)=u(L)=0.\) Here, \(V(x)\) is a step function assuming two values, \(0\) and \(M>0\), so the graph of \(V\) is seen to be composed of equal-height columns on the support of itself. In the present paper, being the first part of author's investigations on this theme, only the potential with one column is treated. A thorough investigation is made on how properties of \(V\) (height and location of the column) influence the properties of respective eigenpairs (estimation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, monotonicity and geometric features of eigenfunctions). Moreover, a sharp estimation and a monotonicity property of the position of the nodal point of the second eigenfunction are given. A comprehensive picture of the first two eigenpairs is obtained, but the method can be used upon eigenpairs of higher order.