SOS approximations of nonnegative polynomials via simple high degree perturbations (Q883108)

Define polynomials \(\Theta_r=1+\sum_{j=1}^n X_j^{2r} \in \mathbb R[X]=\mathbb R[X_1,\dots,X_n],\) \(r=0,1,2,\ldots\). One of the main results (C3.3+T3.9) is Theorem: Given any \(\epsilon >0\) and a polynomial \(f\in \mathbb R[X]\) such that \(f| [-1,1]^n \geq 0.\) Then for \(r\) large enough the polynomial \(f_{\epsilon,r}= f+\epsilon \Theta_r\) is s.o.s. Integer \(r\) depends only on \(\epsilon,\) the dimension \(n,\) and the size of the coefficients of \(f.\) This provides a (in the worst cases not constructive) certificate of nonnegativity of \(f\) on \([-1,1]^n;\) it also says that every polynomial nonnegative on a (0-centered) \(n\)-cube can be approximated uniformly by sums of squares. This complements results of \textit{J. B. Lasserre} [SIAM J. Optim. 16, No. 3, 751--765 (2006; Zbl 1129.12003)] where similar certificates for polynomials nonnegative on \(\mathbb R^n\) are proven, and results of Berg, Christensen, and Ressel [see \textit{C. Berg}, Proc. Symp. Appl. Math. 37, 110--124 (1987; Zbl 0636.44007)], where denseness of s.o.s. approximations is shown, but no explicit approximation sequences are given. An analogous result is shown for nonnegativity on certain basic semialgebraic sets: for a finite set \(S\) of polynomials, having the strong moment property, let \(K_S\) be the associated basic closed semialgebraic set, and \(T_S\) the preorder defined by \(S.\) Suppose \(K_S\) has nonempty interior. Then polynomials \(\theta_r= \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{k=0}^r \frac{X_i^{2k}}{k!} \) (used in place of the \(\Theta_r\)) can serve to establish for polynomials \(f\) and large \(r\) that \(f_{\epsilon,r}\in T_S,\) and hence \(f| K_S\geq 0.\)