Complex powers of hypoelliptic pseudodifferential operators (Q883498)

The authors consider pseudodifferential operators in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) having Weyl symbols which belong to the Hörmander class \(S(m,g)\) associated with a weight function \(m\) and a Riemannian metric \(g\), which are temperate and slowly varying; see Chapter XVIII in [\textit{L. Hörmander}, The analysis of linear partial differential operators III, Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1985; Zbl 0601.35001)]. They treat (globally) hypoelliptic operators based on symbols from \(S(m,g)\) whose hypoellipticity is a generalization of a corresponding notion given by \textit{V.N. Tulovskii} and \textit{M. A. Shubin} [Math. USSR,, Sb. 21(1973), 565--583 (1975); translation from Mat. Sb., N. Ser. 92(134), 571--588 (1973; Zbl 0286.35059)]. In Theorem 3.6 it is shown that under suitable hypotheses the closure of the complex power of the Weyl pseudodifferential operator associated to a symbol \(a\in S(m,g)\) is again pseudodifferential. As an application the authors study the semigroup generated by a non-negative pseudodifferential operator. Another application of Theorem 3.6 concerns the so-called Schatten-von Neumann property for pseudodifferential operators. More precisely, it is proved that \[ \Psi(m,g)\subset S_p(L^{2}) \Leftrightarrow m\in L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{2n}),\quad 1\leq p<\infty, \] where \(\Psi(m,g)\) is the space of the closures in \(L^{2}\) of the operators with Weyl symbol in \(S(m,g)\) and \(S_p(L^{2})\) is the class of compact operators in \(L^2\) whose sequence of singular values is in \(\ell^p\).