Schrödinger operators with nonlocal point interactions (Q884338)

The paper under review deals with the Schrödinger operators with nonlocal point interactions in one and three dimensions. They turn out to belong to the class of exactly solvable models [cf.\ \textit{S.\,Albeverio, F.\,Gesztesy, R.\,Høegh-Krohn} and \textit{H.\,Holden}, ``Solvable models in quantum mechanics'' (AMS Chelsea Publishing) (2005; Zbl 1078.81003); \textit{S.\,Albeverio} and \textit{P.\,Kurasov}, ``Singular perturbations of differential operators and solvable Schrödinger type operators'' (London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series 271, Cambridge University Press) (1999; Zbl 0945.47015)]. The main results are the following. In one dimension, for every symmetric \(2\times 2\)-matrix \(A\), the operator \[ L_{f}\psi =-\psi{''}(x)+f_1(x)\psi_r+f_2(x)\psi_r', \quad x\not= 0, \] with a pair of given functions \(f:= \{f_1, f_2\}\) in \(L_2({\mathbb R})\), defined on the functions \(\psi\) in \(W_2^2({\mathbb R}\setminus \{0\})\) satisfying the boundary condition \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix} \psi_s'-(\psi,f_1) \\ \psi_s+(\psi,f_2) \end{smallmatrix}\right) = A \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \psi_r \\ -\psi_r' \end{smallmatrix}\right)\), is selfadjoint in \(L_2({\mathbb R})\). Here, for a function \(u(x)\) which is discontinuous at \(x=0\), put \(u_s := u(+0)-u(-0)\), \(u_r := \frac12[u(+0)+u(-0)]\). In three dimensions, for every real number \(\alpha\), the operator \[ L_{f}\psi =-\Delta \psi(x)+f_1(x)\psi_s +f_2(x)\psi_r, \quad x\not=0, \] with \(f_1=bf\) and \(f_2=af\) with some \(f\in L_2({\mathbb R}^3)\) and real numbers \(a,b\) defined on those functions \(\psi\) in \(W_2^2({\mathbb R}^3)\dot{+}[\frac{e^{-| x|}}{| x|}]\) which satisfy the boundary condition \(\psi_s+(\psi,f_2) =\alpha[\psi_r -(\psi,f_1)]\), is selfadjoint in \(L_2({\mathbb R}^3)\), where \(\psi_s := 4\pi\lim_{| x| \rightarrow 0} | x| \psi(x)\), \(\psi_r := \lim_{| x| \rightarrow 0} \big(\psi(x)-\frac{\psi_s}{4\pi| x| }\big)\), and \([\frac{e^{-| x| }}{| x| }]\) is the one-dimensional subspace spanned by \(\frac{e^{-| x| }}{| x| }\). By setting \(f_1=f_2\equiv 0\), these two results may be reduced to the well-known ones on Schrödinger operators with point interactions. Examples are given, and the corresponding direct and inverse scattering problems are discussed in one dimension.