Support-type properties of convex functions of higher order and Hadamard-type inequalities (Q884367)

The main result of this paper is the following support-type theorem: Let \( n\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(f:I\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be an \(n\)-convex function. Fix \(k\in \mathbb{N},k\leq n,\) and take \(x_{1},\dots ,x_{k}\in I\) such that \( x_{1}<\cdots <x_{k}.\) Assign to each point \(x_{j}\) \((j=1,\dots ,k)\) the multiplicity \(l_{j}\in \mathbb{N}\). We require \(l_{1}+\cdots +l_{k}=n+1\) and if \(x_{1}=\inf I\), then \(l_{1}=1;\) if \(x_{k}=\sup I\), then \(l_{k}=1.\) Denote \( I_{0}=(-\infty ,x_{1}),I_{j}=\left( x_{j},x_{j+1}\right) ,j=1,\dots ,k-1,\) and \( I_{k}=\left( x_{k},\infty \right) .\) Under these assumptions there exists a polynomial \(p\in \Pi _{n}\) such that \(p(x_{j})=f(x_{j}),j=1,\dots ,k,\) and \[ \begin{aligned} (-1)^{n+1}\left( f(x)-p(x)\right) &\geq 0\quad\text{ for }x\in I_{0}\cap I, \\ (-1)^{n+1-(l_{1}+\dots +l_{j})}\left( f(x)-p(x)\right) &\geq 0\quad\text{ for }x\in I_{j},j=1,\dots ,k-1, \\ f(x)-p(x)&\geq 0\quad\text{ for }x\in I_{k}\cap I. \end{aligned} \] This result is applied to obtain some known and new Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities.