A lower bound on the two-arms exponent for critical percolation on the lattice (Q888533)

In the standard site percolation model, each site is independently declared open with probability \(p\) and closed otherwise. A phase transition is exhibited at the critical value \(p_c = p_c (d)\) for the site density \(p\). In the subcritical phase, occurring for \(p < p_c\), all clusters are finite almost surely. In the supercritical phase, occurring for \(p > p_c\), there is a unique infinite cluster with probability one. The author considers the critical case at \(p=p_c\) and finds improved lower bounds for the two-arms exponent. In particular, if ``two-arms\((0, n)\)'' denotes the event that two sites adjacent to the origin are members of two disjoint open clusters that intersect the box \([-n, n]^d\), then the lower bound of the two-arms exponent offered in this article is \[ \limsup_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{\ln n} \ln P_{p_c} \,(\text{two-arms}(0, n)) \leq - \frac{2d^2 +3d - 3}{4d^2+5d-5}, \] which improves the existing bound of \(1/2\). The next result of the article deals with the expected number of clusters by finding the appropriate scale \(\alpha\) such that another two-arms event (that two sites of the box \([-n, n]^d\) are members of two disjoint open clusters that intersect the box \([- n - n^\alpha, n + n^\alpha]^d\)) has zero probability. Finally, assuming that \(\theta(p) > 0\), the author finds a quantitative estimate that establishes long range order in a finite box in the sense that the probability of a certain two-arms event is positive (where, by custom, \(\theta(p)\) is the probability of the event that the cluster at the origin is infinite).