Thin sequences and their role in \(H^p\) theory, model spaces, and uniform algebras (Q888922)

The role of thin interpolating sequences in several problems of function theory in the unit disc is considered. The authors provide mostly new proofs of known facts but they give also some new result. \noindent A sequence of points \(\{z_n\}\) in the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\) of the plane is thin if \[ \lim_{j\to\infty} \prod_{k\neq j}\left| \frac{z_j-z_k}{1-\overline{z_k}z_j}\right|=1. \] A thin sequence is an interpolating sequence for the space \(H^{\infty}\) of bounded holomorphic functions in~\(\mathbb{D}\). A sequence~\(\{z_n\}\) in \(\mathbb{D}\) is called eventually \(1\)-interpolating for \(H^{\infty}\) if for every \(\varepsilon>0\), there exists \(N\) such that for each \(a\in \ell^{\infty}\) there exists \(f_N\in H^{\infty}\) with \[ f_N(z_n)=a_n\text{ for }n\geq N\text{ and }\|f_N\|_{\infty}\leq (1+\varepsilon)\|\{a_n\}_{n\geq N}\|_{\infty}. \] Using results of Hilbert space theory, the authors prove that a sequence of points in the unit disc is thin if and only if it is eventually \(1\)-interpolating. As well they give a new proof of a characterization of thin sequences due to Dyakonov and Nicolau: if \(\{z_n\}\) is an interpolating sequence, then \(\{z_n\}\) is thin if and only if there is a sequence \(m_j\in (0,1)\) with \(\lim\limits_{j\to\infty}m_j=1\) such that every interpolation problem \(F(z_j)=a_j\) with \(|a_j|\leq m_j\) for all \(j\) has a solution \(F\in H^{\infty}\) with \(\|F\|_{\infty}\leq 1\). Another kind of results starting with Sundberg and Wolff are those turning approximate interpolation in exact interpolation. Using some work of P. Jones the authors show the following: \noindent Let \(\{z_n\}\) be an interpolating sequence for \(H^{\infty}\), \(f\in H^{\infty}\) and \(\{a_n\}\) a sequence with \(|f(z_n)-a_n|\to 0\). If \(B\) is the Blaschke product associated to \(\{z_n\}\), then there is a function \(h\in H^{\infty}\) with \(\overline{B}h\in H^{\infty}+C\) and \((f-h)(z_n)=a_n\). \noindent This result is used to provide another characterization of thin sequences: \(\{z_n\}\) is thin if and only if for each \(a\in\ell^{\infty}\), there exists \(f\in H^{\infty}\) with \(|f(z_j)-a_j|\to 0\) and \(\|f\|_{\infty}\leq \|a\|_{\infty}\). In the last part of the paper other characterizations of thin sequences are given in the context of the Hardy space~\(H^p\), particularly the Hilbert space \(H^2\), or in terms of Carleson measures. We quote the following two ones: The sequence~\(\{z_n\}\) is thin if and only if for every \(\varepsilon>0\) there exists \(N\) such that for each \(\{a_n\}\in \ell^p\), \(1\leq p\leq \infty\), there is \(f_{N,a}\in H^p\) with \[ f_{N,a}(z_n)(1-|z_n|^2)^{1/p}=a_n, \text{ for }n\geq N\text{ and }\|f_{N,a}\|_p\leq (1+\varepsilon)\|\{a_n\}_{n\geq N}\|_p. \] In terms of Carleson measures, \(\{z_n\}\) is thin if and only if the measure \(\mu_N=\sum_{n\geq N} (1-|z_n|^{2})\delta_{z_n}\) is a Carleson measure with Carleson embedding constant \(C(\mu_N)\) satisfying \(C(\mu_N)\to 1\) as \(N\to\infty\).