Second-degree Painlevé equations and their contiguity relations (Q890387)

Using the Hamiltonian systems corresponding to the Painlevé equations, the authors rediscover some differential equations of second order and second degree in the classification of \textit{C. M. Cosgrove} and \textit{G. Scoufis} [Stud. Appl. Math. 88, No. 1, 25--87 (1993; Zbl 0774.34005)] for new functions that are related to the canonical Hamiltonian variables (in fact, these new functions are \(H_I, H_{II}, H_{IV}/2\) and in the cases of \(P^1_{III}, P_{III}, P_V\), they are combinations of the canonical variables \(x, p, z\)). The authors also derive contiguity quadratic relations for the solutions of these second order, second degree equations. It turns out that these relations are always integrals of some four-point mapping ``with just one ambiguity due to the sign of the square root''.