Almost prime coordinates for anisotropic and thin Pythagorean orbits (Q891162)

Let \(\mathrm{SL}_3(\mathbb{R})\) be the special linear group of degree \(3\) over \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(G=\mathrm{SO}_\mathcal{Q}(\mathbb{R})\subset \mathrm{SL}_3(\mathbb{R})\) be the real orthogonal group preserving the quadratic form \(\mathcal{Q}(x,y,z)=x^2+y^2-z^2\). Let \(\Gamma\subset G(\mathbb{Z})\) be a finitely generated subgroup of the integer matrices in \(G\), and assume that \(\Gamma\) is non-elementary, i.e., the Zariski closure \(\mathrm{Zcl}(\Gamma)\) is \(\mathrm{SO}_\mathcal{Q}\). For a fixed Pythagorean triple \(\overline{a}=(3,4,5)\) let \(\mathcal{O}=\overline{a}\Gamma\) be its corresponding \(\Gamma\)-orbit. The authors of the paper consider the problem of estimating the saturation number \(R(\mathcal{O},f)\) for various choices of a polynomial \(f\), where \[ R(\mathcal{O},f)=\min\{R\leqslant\infty : \mathrm{Zcl}(\mathcal{O}(f,R))=\mathrm{Zcl}(\mathcal{O})\},\;\mathcal{O}(f,R)=\{\overline{x}\in\mathcal{O}: f(\overline{x})\in\mathcal{P}_R\} \] and \(\mathcal{P}_R\subset\mathbb{Z}\) denote numbers with at most \(R\) prime divisors.