Normality of spaces of operators and quasi-lattices (Q891927)

The author starts with giving an overview of normality and conormality properties of pre-ordered Banach spaces. For pre-ordered Banach spaces \(X,Y\) with closed cones, normality of \(B(X,Y)\), the space of bounded linear operators between \(X\) and \(Y\), is studied in terms of normality and conormality of \(X\) and \(Y\). Generally speaking, some form of conormality of \(X\), (a measure of sharpness of a cone) and normality (a measure of bluntness of a cone) in \(Y\) is necessary and sufficient for some form of normality of the pre-ordered Banach space \(B(X,Y)\). Let \(X\) be a pre-ordered Banach space with a closed cone \(X_+\). For any fixed \(x,y\) in \(X\), consider the function \(\sigma_{x,y}:X\rightarrow \mathbb R_+\) defined by \(\sigma_{x,y}(z) = ||z-x|| + ||z-y||\) for all \(z\in X\). \(X\) is said to be a \(\upsilon\)-quasilattice if for every pair \(x,y\) in \(X\), the set of all upper bounds of \(x\) and \(y\), \(\upsilon(\{x,y\})\), is nonempty and there exists a unique element \(z\in \upsilon(\{x,y\})\) minimizing \(\sigma_{x,y}\) on \(\upsilon(\{x,y\})\). The element \(z\) is called the \(\upsilon\)-quasisupremum of \(x\) and \(y\). The set of minimal upper bounds of \(\{x,y\}\) is denoted by \(\mu(x,y)\). \(X\) is said to be a \(\mu\)-quasilattice if, for every pair of elements \(x,y\) in \(X\), \(\mu(\{x,y\})\) is nonempty and there exists a unique element \(z\in \mu(\{x,y\})\) minimizing \(\sigma_{x,y}\) on \(\mu(\{x,y\})\). There are plenty of \(\mu\)-quasilattices and \(\upsilon\)-quasilattices. Proposition. If \(X\) is a lattice-ordered Banach space with a closed cone, then \(X\) is a \(\mu\)-quasilattice and its lattice structure coincides with its \(\mu\)-quasilattice structure. There exist ordered Banach spaces endowed with closed proper generating cones that are not normed vector lattices, nor \(\mu\)- or \(\upsilon \)-quasilattices. On the other hand, there are quasilattices that are not vector lattices. Many elementary properties of vector lattices have analogues in quasilattices. However, there are no distributive laws, Birkhoff-type inequalies or the Riesz decomposition property in quasilattices. Every monotone \(\upsilon\)-quasilattice is a \(\mu\)-quasilattice and its \(\upsilon\)- and \(\mu\)-quasilattice structure coincides. Recall that a normed space \(X\) is strictly convex if for every \(x, y\in X\), \(|| x+y|| = ||x|| + ||y||\) implies that \(x\) or \(y\) is a non-negative multiple of the other. Theorem. Every strictly convex reflexive-ordered Banach space with a closed proper generating cone is a \(\upsilon\)-quasilattice. The author then studies the question of when the dual of a preordered Banach space is a quasilattice. Let \({H}\) be a real Hilbert space. Let \(\upsilon\) be a norm one element of \({H}\). Let \(P\) be the orthogonal projection onto the \(\upsilon^\bot\). The Lorentz cone is defined as \({L_\upsilon} = \{x\in {H}:\langle\upsilon,x\rangle \geq ||Px||\}\). Since every Hilbert space is strictly convex and Lorentz cones are closed, proper and generating, it follows from the results of the paper that every Hilbert space endowed with the Lorentz cone is a \(\upsilon\)-quasilattice. It is also shown that they are in fact \(\mu\)-quasilattices and the \(\upsilon\)- and \(\mu\)-quasilattice structures coincide. Let us note that if \({H}\) is a real Hilbert space of dimension greater than three, then \({H}\) is not a vector lattice.