A generalization of Livingston's coefficient inequalities for functions with positive real part (Q892330)

It is customary to denote by \(P\) the class of functions \(p\) analytic in the unit disc, with the standard normalization at zero, whose real part is positive. This class has been studied extensively for the last century. With the series expansion of \(p\) being \(1 + p(1) z + p(2) z^2 + \cdots +p(n)z^n + \cdots\), it has been established by Caratheodory that \(|p(n)|\) does not exceed \(2\), for all natural \(n\); see [\textit{C. Pommerenke}, Univalent functions. With a chapter on quadratic differentials by Gerd Jensen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht (1975; Zbl 0298.30014)]. Some half a century later, \textit{A. Livingston} [Pac. J. Math. 120, 139--151 (1985; Zbl 0579.30026)] generalized this inequality by showing that \(|p(n) - p(k)p(n-k)|\) does not exceed \(2\), for \(k = 0, ..., n\), and made this generalization useful in the study of multivalent close-to-convex functions. The author of the paper under review extends the latter inequality by showing that, for any complex number \(w\), \(|p(n) - wp(k)p(n-k)|\) does not exceed \(2\max\{1, |1 - 2w|\}\), for \(k = 1, \ldots, n-1\). A study of conditions for equality follows, as well as some exploration of the non-normalized \((p(0) = 1)\) class of analytic functions with positive real part vis-a-vis this and other coefficient related inequalities.