Residues and duality on semi-local two-dimensional adeles (Q903932)

In their note in [Dokl. Math. 84, No. 3, 826--829 (2011; Zbl 1350.14015); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk, Ross. Akad. Nauk 441, No. 4, 444--448 (2011)], \textit{D. V. Osipov} and \textit{A. N. Parshin} launched a theory of harmonic analysis in dimension two which led to an analytic proof of the Riemann-Roch theorem for smooth projective algebraic surfaces over a finite field. This was taken up in a more canonical way by D. Liu and Y. Zhu [``Generalizations of Weil index and product formula'', to appear], who extended the notion of Weil index and, as an application, established certain quadratic reciprocity laws on arithmetic surfaces. A necessary technical ingredient for this application was a residue pairing between certain two-dimensional adelic spaces together with some duality statements, for which the author gives details and proofs in the present article. Note that higher dimensional adeles were introduced around the 70's and 80's by Parshin and Beilinson to study the geometry and arithmetic of higher dimensional schemes. Here, let \(X\) be an arithmetic surface over a Dedekind domain \(\mathcal O_K\) of characteristic zero with finite residue fields. Fix a closed point \(x \in X\) lying over a finite place s of \(\mathcal O_K\) and take various formal curves y containing \(x\); let \(K( X)_x = \text{Frac}\, \widehat{\mathcal O}_{ X,x}\) and \(K_s = \text{Frac}\, \widehat {\mathcal O}_{X,s}\). Define the adele ring \(\mathbf A_{ X,x}\) at \(x\) and the adelic space of continuous relative differential forms \(\Omega^{\mathrm{cts}}_{\mathbf A_{ X,x}/ K_s}\), between which there is a canonical residue pairing \(\mathbf A_{ X,x} \times \Omega^{ \mathrm{cts}}_{\mathbf A_{ X,x} /K_s} \to K_s , ( f, \omega)\mapsto \text{Res}_x ( f\omega) : = \sum\text{Res}_{ x,y} (f_y \omega_y )\), where the last sum is taken over all formal curves \(y\) (not necessarily global ones) containing \(x\). In his papers in [New York J. Math. 16, 575--627 (2010; Zbl 1258.14031); Algebra Number Theory 6, No. 7, 1503--1536 (2012; Zbl 1259.14030)], \textit{M. Morrow} gave explicit adelic descriptions of the dualizing sheaves and Grothendieck's trace map for arithmetic surfaces, and he proved that the residue pairing is trivial restricted on the rational points \(K(X)_x \times \Omega^{\mathrm{cts}}_{K(X)_x}/K_s\). The author's main result here states that \(K(X)_x\) and \(\Omega^{\mathrm{cts}}_{K(X)_x /K_s}\) are if fact mutually their full annihilators under the residue pairing at \(x\). This suggests that the arithmetic quotient \(\mathbf A_{ X,x} /K(X)_x\) could be thought of, in some sense, as the ``Pontryagin dual'' of the space of rational differential forms \(\Omega^{\mathrm{cts}}_{K(X)_x /K_s}\). The proof is purely algebraic, making use only of the explicit structures of two-dimensional local fields.