Toeplitz determinants with merging singularities (Q906597)

The authors study the asymptotic behavior for the determinants of \(n\times n\) Toeplitz matrices corresponding to symbols with two Fisher-Hartwig singularities at the distance \(2t\geq 0\) from each other on the unit circle. They obtain large \(n\) asymptotics which are uniform for \(0<t<t_0\), where \(t_0\) is fixed. These describe the transition as \(t\to 0\) between the asymptotic regimes of two singularities and one singularity. The asymptotics involve a particular solution to the Painlevé V equation. They also obtain small and large argument expansions of this solution. As applications they prove a conjecture of \textit{F. Dyson} [``Toeplitz determinants and Coulomb gases'', lecture held at Eastern theoretical physics conference, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1963] on the largest occupation number in the ground state of a one-dimensional Bose gas, and a conjecture of \textit{Y. V. Fyodorov} and \textit{J. P. Keating} [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 372, No. 2007, Article ID 20120503, 32 p. (2014; Zbl 1330.82028)] on the second moment of powers of the characteristic polynomials of random matrices.