Closed convex hulls of unitary orbits in \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras of real rank zero (Q907751)

This paper contains the following definitions and some featured results as below. As in Section 2: Preliminaries, for an element \(T\) of a unital \(C^*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak A\), the unitary (adjoint) orbit \(u(T)\) of \(T\) is defined as the set of all \(U^*TU=\mathrm{Ad}(U) T\) for unitaries \(U\) of \(\mathfrak A\), and its norm closure is said to be the closed unitary orbit of \(T\). Also, the convex hull of \(u(T)\) and its norm closure are defined. For a self-adjoint element \(T\) of a unital \(C^*\)-algebra with a faithful tracial state \(\tau\), the eigenvalue function \(e(T)\) of \(T\) associated with \(\tau\) is defined to the infimum of real numbers \(t\) of the \(\tau\)-dimension function values of the positive part of \(T- tI\) bounded by \(s\) for every \(s\in [0, 1)\), as a \(C^*\)-algebra version of that for von Neumann algebras with tracial states [\textit{F. J. Murray} and \textit{J. von Neumann}, Ann. Math. (2) 37, 116--229 (1936; Zbl 0014.16101)]. As a result of Section 3: Scalars in convex hulls, for a unital \(C^*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak A\) with real rank zero (i.e., any self-adjoint element of \(\mathfrak A\) has approximation by self-adjoints with finite spectrum) and with \(\tau\) a faithful tracial state, if we suppose that either \(\mathfrak A\) has strong comparison of projections with respect to \(\tau\) (i.e., \(\tau (P) \leq \tau (Q)\) implies \(P \lesssim Q\)), or \(\mathfrak A\) has it and more, then \(\tau (T) I\) belongs to the closed convex hull of \(u(T)\) for any \(T=T^*\) of \(\mathfrak A\). It then says that the Dixmier property holds for \(\mathfrak A\), which is equivalent to that \(\mathfrak A\) is simple and \(\tau\) is the unique tracial state on \(\mathfrak A\) [\textit{N. Riedel}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 91, 75--78 (1982; Zbl 0483.46037)]. As a result of Section 4: Convex hulls of unitary orbits, for a unital \(C^*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak A\) with real rank zero and with strong comparison of projections \(P, Q\) with respect to a faithful tracial state \(\tau\), if \(T=T^*\) in \(\mathfrak A\), then the closed convex hull of \(u(T)\) is equal to the set of all self-adjoint elements \(S\) of \(\mathfrak A\) majorized by \(T\) with respect to \(\tau\), that is, the eigenvalue function \(e(S)\) is majorized by \(e(T)\). As a result of Section 5: Classification of additional sets, for a unital \(C^*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak A\) with real rank zero and with strong comparison of projections with respect to a faithful tracial state \(\tau\), then the distance between \(e(S)\) and \(e(T)\) for self-adjoint \(S, T \in \mathfrak A\) is given by the supremum with respect to the pointwise distance between \(e(S)\) and \(e(T)\). As a result of the final Section 6: Purely infinite \(C^*\)-algebras, for a unital simple purely infinite \(C^*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak A\), the closed convex hull of \(u (T)\) for self-adjoint \(T\in \mathfrak A\) is equal to the set of all self-adjoint elements of \(\mathfrak A\) such that their spectra are contained in the convex hull of the spectrum of \(T\) [\textit{V. S. Sunder} and \textit{K. Thomsen}, Houston J. Math. 18, No. 1, 127--137 (1992; Zbl 0812.46057)].