Asplund spaces characterized by rich families and separable reduction of Fréchet subdifferentiability (Q907752)

Projectional resolutions of the identity (PRI, in short), which originated in the seminal work of \textit{D. Amir} and \textit{J. Lindenstrauss} [Ann. Math. (2) 88, 35--46 (1968; Zbl 0164.14903)] and of \textit{J. Lindenstrauss} [Ann. Math. Stud. 69, 235--273 (1972; Zbl 0232.46019)], provide a tool for induction arguments in proving some structural properties of Banach spaces. In the case that separable PRI exist, they allow for separable reduction results concerning their structure and differentiability properties of some functions defined on them. Later, a related tool appeared, the so-called projectional skeletons [\textit{W. Kubiś}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 350, No. 2, 758--776 (2009; Zbl 1166.46008)], often obtained from the presence of rich families in the class \({\mathcal S}(X)\) of all separable subspaces of a Banach space \(X\). In this framework, a family \(\mathcal R\) in \({\mathcal S}(X)\) is said to be rich if it is partially directed upward by inclusion, it is cofinal in \({\mathcal S}(X)\), and it is \(\sigma\)-complete in the sense that if \(\{R_n\}\) is an increasing sequence in \(\mathcal R\), then there exists \(R\in\mathcal R\) such that \(R_n\subset R\) for all \(n\in\mathbb N\), and if \(S\in{\mathcal S}(X)\) satisfies \(R_n\subset S\) for every \(n\in\mathbb N\), then \(R\subset S\). Most of the results in the present paper concern Asplund spaces. In this context, it is natural to consider rich families of rectangles \(V\times Y\), where \(V\in {\mathcal S}(X)\) and \(Y\in{\mathcal S}(X^*)\). This is done in Section 2. The main theorem there is a characterization of Asplund spaces: to be Asplund is equivalent to (i) the existence of an Asplund generator (for the definition see the paper), or to (ii) the existence of a rich rectangle-family \(\mathcal A\) such that \(Y_1\subset Y_2\) whenever \(V_1\times Y_1\in\mathcal A\), \(V_2\times Y_2\in\mathcal A\), and \(V_1\subset V_2\), and for every \(V\times Y\in\mathcal A\), the assignment \(Y\ni x^*\mapsto x^*|_{V}\in V^*\) is a surjective isometry, or even to (iii) the existence of a cofinal rectangle-family \(\mathcal A\) such that for every \(V\times Y\in\mathcal A\), the assignment \(Y\ni x^*\mapsto x^*|_{V}\in V^*\) is a surjection. Section 3 deals with separable reduction for statements with Fréchet subdifferentials. There the main result is that, for a proper function \(f:X\rightarrow (-\infty,+\infty]\), where \(X\) is Asplund, there exists a rich rectangle-family \({\mathcal R}\) in \({\mathcal S}(X\times X^*)\) with the same inclusion and isometric properties as in (ii) above, and such that \((\partial_Ff(v)\cap Y)|_{V}=(\partial_{F}f(v))|_{V}=\partial_{F}(f|_{V})(v)\) for every \(v\in V\) and for every \(V\times Y\in\mathcal R\), where \(\partial_F\) denotes the Fréchet subdifferential. Section 4 provides alternative proofs to the previous results by using the method of ``suitable models'' from logic. Finally, in Section 5 it is proved that the two approaches (rich families and suitable models) are equivalent in Asplund spaces and in the spaces isomorphic to the space \(C(K)\) of continuous functions over a zero-dimensional compact space \(K\). The paper extends results from \textit{M. Fabian} and \textit{B. S. Mordukhovich} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 49, No. 2, 265--292 (2002; Zbl 1061.49015)], and \textit{M. Fabian} and \textit{A. Ioffe} [J. Convex Anal. 23, No. 3, 631--648 (2016; Zbl 1350.49012)].