Stable bundles on blown up surfaces (Q909727)

Let \(\sigma: \tilde X\to X\) be the k-fold blow-up of a projective surface X. Choose an ample divisor H on X. The divisor \(\tilde H=n\sigma^*H- \sum^{k}_{i=1}E_ i\) on \(\tilde X\) is ample for n sufficiently large. The subject of this paper is the relation between the moduli space of H-stable 2-bundles on X and the moduli space of \(\tilde H\)-stable bundles on \(\tilde X\). The results of \textit{R. Friedman} and \textit{F. W. Morgan} [J. Differ. Geom. 27, No.2, 297-369 and No.3, 371-398 (1988; Zbl 0669.57016 and 669.57017); chapter 5] are generalised to bundles with arbitrary \(c_ 1.\) Twisting the pull-back of 2-bundles from X with expectional divisors \(E_ i\) yields \(\tilde H\)-stable bundles with an even number of \(E_ i\) in the first Chern class. For every stable bundle V on X and \(\ell =0,1,2,...\) blow-up points, a \(({\mathbb{P}}^ 1)^{\ell}\) family of stable bundles on \(\tilde X\) is constructed which is called a standard family. Its members have Chern classes \(c_ 1(V)+\sum^{\ell}_{i=1}E_ i \), \(c_ 2(V)\) and can be precisely characterised among the stable bundles on \(\tilde X\). For \(\ell =0\) this ``family'' is just the pull-back \(\sigma^*V.\) The standard family is functorial and generalises to stable families. For a (fine) moduli space \({\mathcal M}\) of H-stable bundles on X it yields a \(({\mathbb{P}}^ 1)^{\ell}\)-bundle \(P_{\ell}(V)\) over \({\mathcal M}\) parametrising \(\tilde H_ n\)-stable bundles on \(\tilde X\). Then by the universal property of \(\tilde {\mathcal M}\) there is a map \(P_{\ell}(V)\to \tilde {\mathcal M}\). The map is an isomorphism if every stable bundle on \(\tilde X\) is a member of a standard family. To illustrate the results choose Chern classes \(\tilde c_ 1=c_ 1+\sum^{k}_{i=1}E_ i\), \(\tilde c_ 2\). Suppose that \(H\cdot c_ 1\) is odd, and the groundfield is of characteristic 0. Then we have for \(n\gg 0\) \[ {\mathcal M}_{\tilde X}(\tilde H,\tilde c_ 1,\tilde c_ 2)\cong \emptyset \;if\;4\tilde c_ 2-\tilde c^ 2_ 1<k; \] \[ {\mathcal M}_{\tilde X}(\tilde H,\tilde c_ 1,\tilde c_ 2)\cong P_ kV(H,c_ 1,\tilde c_ 2)\;if\;k\leq 4\tilde c_ 2-\tilde c^ 2_ 1\leq k+3. \] This is applied to compute the reduction of the moduli space of blow-ups of the Barlow- and the Godeaux surface. It also illustrates a sharpened version of the Bogomolov inequality for \(\tilde H\)-stable bundles.