On finite-zone solutions of relativistic Toda lattices (Q910780)

In the late seventies the author showed how the Korteweg-de Vries equation could be obtained ``algebraically'' as the first member of a chain of recurrence relations generated via the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator and a first-order linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients. [Cf. the author, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 19, 467-480 (1979; Zbl 0413.35064). Compare with e.g. \textit{I. M. Gel'fand} and \textit{L. A. Dikij}, Russ. Math. Surv. 30, No.5, 77-113 (1975), translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 30, No.5(185), 67-100 (1975; Zbl 0334.58007). See also the author, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 34, No.2, 259- 272 (1981; Zbl 0456.35078).] Subsequently, that approach was applied to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the sine-Gordon equation [cf. the author and \textit{M. S. Al'ber}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 36, 176- 192 (1987; Zbl 0609.58011)] and to discrete integrable systems such as the Toda lattice. On the other hand, \textit{M. Bruschi} and \textit{O. Ragnisco} [cf. Phys. Lett. A 134, No.6, 365-370 (1989)] recently exhibited three representations of Lax type for the periodic relativistic Toda lattice and proved the complete integrability of that system. In the present paper, the author introduces a sequence of higher-order relativistic Toda lattices by means of a chain of recurrence relations generated via a discrete one-dimensional Schrödinger operator and a first-order linear difference operator with polynomial coefficients. A special choice of those coefficients yields the Bruschi-Ragnisco lattice in the symmetric Lax representation. Associated stationary systems, Poisson and hamiltonian structures, action-angle variables and Jacobi inversion problems on Riemann surfaces are also briefly considered. A very recent survey of Calogero-Moser and Toda systems and their quantum analogues, including a bibliography of 77 published items, is \textit{S. N. M. Ruijsenaars}, Finite-dimensional soliton systems, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Report AM-R9005, February 1990; to appear in ``Integrable and Superintegrable Systems'', B. Kupershmidt, ed., World Scientific, Singapore.