Changing the order of partial differentiation (Q910878)

From MaRDI portal
scientific article
Language Label Description Also known as
English
Changing the order of partial differentiation
scientific article

    Statements

    Changing the order of partial differentiation (English)
    0 references
    1989
    0 references
    Let f(x,y) be a real function defined on an open subset U of \(R^ 2\). Let \(D_ 1f\) \((D_ 2f)\) denote the partial derivative of f with respect to the 1-st place (2-nd place) variable. Also \(D_ 1D_ 2f\) denotes the derivative \(D_ 1(D_ 2f)\) of the function \(D_ 2f\), etc. Let \(D^+_ 1f\) \((D^+_ 2f)\) denote de upper right Dini derivate of f with respect to the 1-st place (2-nd place) variable. Theorem 1. Let \(D_ 1f\), \(D_ 2f\), \(D_ 1D_ 1f\), \(D_ 2D_ 2f\) exist and be finite on U. If \(D^+_ 1D_ 2D_ 2f\) is locally bounded at some point (x,y)\(\in U\) (i.e., it is bounded in some neighborhood of (x,y)), then \(D_ 1D_ 2f\) and \(D_ 2D_ 1f\) exist and are finite at (x,y), and \(D_ 1D_ 2f(x,y)=D_ 2D_ 1f(x,y).\) Theorem 2. Let \(D_ 1f\), \(D_ 2f\), \(D_ 1D_ 1f\), \(D_ 2D_ 2f\) exist and be finite on U and let \(D_ 1D_ 1f\) and \(D_ 2D_ 2f\) be continuous at some point (x,y)\(\in U\). If either \(D_ 1D_ 2f\) or \(D_ 2D_ 1f\) exists at (x,y) (finite or not), then so does the other and \(D_ 1D_ 2f(x,y)=D_ 2D_ 1f(x,y).\) Theorem 3. Let f be continuous on U, and let \(D_ 1f\), \(D_ 2f\), \(D_ 1D_ 1f\) and \(D_ 2D_ 2f\) exist and be finite on U. Then the set \(\{(x,y)\in U:\) one of the derivatives \(D_ 1D_ 2f(x,y),\) \(D_ 2D_ 1f(x,y)\) exists but the other does not, or they both exist and \(D_ 1D_ 2f(x,y)\neq D_ 2D_ 1f(x,y)\}\) is a first category subset of \(R^ 2.\) Remark of the reviewer: For alternative results see \textit{A. E. Currier} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 35, 245-253 (1933; Zbl 0006.19403)], \textit{J. Geffroy} [Acad. Roy. Belg. Bull. Cl. Sci., V. Sér. 42, 533-542 (1956; Zbl 0074.287)], \textit{G. P. Tolstov} [Mat. Sbornik, II. Ser. 24(66), 27-51 (1949; Zbl 0045.333)] and the reviewer [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. A 246, 522- 524 (1958; Zbl 0078.046)].
    0 references
    0 references
    local boundedness
    0 references
    change of order of partial differentiation
    0 references
    Dini derivate
    0 references
    0 references