Le spectre marqué des longueurs des surfaces à courbure négative. (The spectrum marked by lengths of surfaces with negative curvature) (Q913331)

Let S be an orientable closed surface with the genus \(\geq 2\). It is known that for a Riemannian metric m with negative curvature any nontrivial conjugate class \(<\gamma >\) can be represented by a unique geodesic of m. Consider \(\ell (\gamma)\) the length of such geodesic. If \({\mathcal C}\) represents the set of the conjugate classes of the fundamental group \(\pi_ 1(S)\) one defines the length's spectrum of the metric m by the element \((\ell (\gamma))_{\gamma \in {\mathcal C}}\) of the direct product \({\mathbb{R}}^{{\mathcal C}}\). Considering \({\mathcal M}(S)\) the space of the metrics m with negative curvature, one obtains the function \({\mathcal L}: {\mathcal M}(S)\to {\mathbb{R}}^{{\mathcal C}}\) defined by \(m\mapsto (\ell (\gamma))_{\gamma \in {\mathcal C}}.\) The main purpose of this paper is the proof of the following result: the function \({\mathcal L}\) is one-to-one, i.e. the metrics with negative curvature on S are determined, via an isometry, by their lengths spectrum. Remark that this result was conjectured by \textit{K. Burns} and \textit{A. Katok} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 5, 307-317 (1985; Zbl 0572.58019)] and the problem of injectivity of the function \({\mathcal L}\) appears in \textit{V. Guillemin} and \textit{D. Kazhdan} [Topology 19, 301-312 (1980; Zbl 0465.58027)] and \textit{A. Katok} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 8, 139-152 (1988; Zbl 0668.58042)].