Exponentially bounded C-semigroups and integrated semigroups (Q915106)

Let C be an injective bounded linear operator on a Banach space X. A strongly continuous family \(\{\) S(t); \(t\geq 0\}\) of bounded operators on X is called an exponentially bounded C-semigroup on X if \(S(0)=C,\quad S(t+s)C=S(t)S(s),\quad t,s\geq 0,\) and if \(\| S(t)\| \leq Me^{at},\quad t\geq 0,\) for some \(M\geq 0\) and \(a\in (-\infty,\infty)\). The infinitesimal generator A of S(\(\cdot)\) is the operator which sends x to \(Ax:=C^{-1}\lim_{t\to 0^+}t^{-1}(S(t)x-Cx)\) whenever the limit exists and lies in the range R(C) of C. It is shown that A is closed and satisfies the conditions: (1) \(\lambda\)-A is injective for \(\lambda >a;\) (2) \(D((\lambda -A)^{-n}\supset R(C)\) and \(\| (\lambda -A)^{- n}C\| \leq M/(\lambda -a)^ n\) for \(\lambda >a\) and \(n\geq 1;\) (3) Cx\(\in D(A)\) and \(ACx=CAx\) for \(x\in D(A).\) The first main theorem proves that if conversely A is a closed operator satisfying (1)-(3), then the operators \(C_ 1^{-1}a_ 1C_ 1\) is the infinitesimal generator of a \(C_ 1\)-semigroup \(\{S_ 1(t)\); \(t\geq 0\}\) on \(X_ 1:=\overline{D(A)}\), where \(C_ 1=C| X\), and \(A_ 1\) is the part of A in \(X_ 1\). Moreover, \(S_ 1(t)x=\lim_{n\to \infty}(1- tA/n)^{-n}Cx\) for \(x\in X_ 1\). This generalizes a result of \textit{W. Arendt} [Isr. J. Math. 59, 327-352 (1989; Zbl 0637.44001)], who gave a different construction of \(S_ 1(t)\) for the case that both R(A) and D(A) are dense in X. The second main theorem classifies the relations between exponentially bounded C-semigroups and integrated semigroups.